Thromboembolic Disorder Assessment: DVT/PE- MPR

Thromboembolic Disorder Assessment: DVT/PE

THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDER ASSESSMENT: DVT/PE
Risk Factors
• Injury to vein — Fractures — Severe muscle injury — Major surgery (abdomen, pelvis, hip, or legs) • Reduced blood flow — Confinement to bed (eg, due to a medical condition or post-surgery) — Limited movement (eg, cast on a leg to help heal an injured bone) — Prolonged sitting (increased risk with crossed legs) — Paralysis • Increased estrogen — Oral contraceptive use — Hormone replacement therapy — Pregnancy (post-partum period)	• Chronic medical illnesses — Heart disease — Lung disease — Cancer and its treatment — Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) • Other — Previous DVT/PE — Family history DVT/PE — Age (risk increases as age increases) — Obesity — Central vein catheter — Inherited clotting disorders
Prevention
• Advise patient to move around as soon as possible after limited mobility (eg, post surgery). • Use graduated compression stockings or medications to prevent DVT. • Warn patient if sitting for long periods of time, such as traveling for >4hrs: — Get up and walk around every 1−2hrs. — Do leg exercises. — Wear loose fitting clothing. • Initiate therapeutic lifestyle changes: exercise regularly; maintain healthy weight.
Signs & Symptoms
DVT	PE
• Swelling • Pain • Tenderness • Redness of the skin	• Difficulty breathing • Tachycardia or irregular heartbeat • Chest pain or chest discomfort • Hemoptysis • Hypotension, lightheadedness, or fainting
Treatment
• Anticoagulants — Injectable: heparin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux — Oral: warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban • Thrombolytics • Inferior vena cava filter • Thrombectomy/embolectomy
REFERENCES
Adapted from: www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/facts.html. Adapted from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/diagnosis-treatment.html. For a list of medications used to prevent or treat DVT/PE, visit: www.eMPR.com. (Rev. 1/2023)

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