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Marcaine Generic Name & Formulations
Legal Class
Rx
General Description
Bupivacaine HCl 2.5mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 7.5mg/mL; soln for inj.
Pharmacological Class
Local anesthetic.
See Also
How Supplied
Marcaine: Single-dose vials (10mL, 30mL)—10; Multi-dose vials 0.25%, 0.5% (50mL)—1 (contains methylparaben). Marcaine with epinephrine: Single-dose vials (10mL, 30mL)—10; Multi-dose vials (50mL)—1 (contains sodium metabisulfite, methylparaben)
Manufacturer
Marcaine Indications
Indications
Production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, dental and oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures (0.25% and 0.5% only).
Marcaine Dosage and Administration
Adult
See full labeling for recommended dosages based on procedures. Epidural anesthesia: administer test dose first; monitor for CNS or cardiovascular toxicity. 0.25% soln when used for caudal, epidural, or peripheral nerve block, produces incomplete motor block. Should be used for operations in which muscle relaxation is not important, or when another means of providing muscle relaxation is used concurrently. Onset of action may be slower than with the 0.5% or 0.75% solns. 0.5% soln provides motor blockade for caudal, epidural, or nerve block, but muscle relaxation may be inadequate for operations in which complete muscle relaxation is essential. 0.75% soln produces complete motor block. Most useful for epidural block in abdominal operations requiring complete muscle relaxation, and for retrobulbar anesthesia. Not for obstetrical anesthesia. For most indications, a single dose is sufficient. Max 400mg/day. Debilitated, elderly, acutely ill: reduce dose.
Children
Not recommended.
Marcaine Contraindications
Contraindications
Obstetrical paracervical block. IV regional anesthesia (Bier Block).
Marcaine Boxed Warnings
Boxed Warning
Risk of cardiac arrest with use in obstetrical anesthesia.
Marcaine Warnings/Precautions
Warnings/Precautions
Cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death has occurred during obstetrical anesthesia (esp. with 0.75% conc). To be administered under the supervision of experienced clinicians. Have intubation, artificial respiration, oxygen therapy and reversal agents available. Risk of methemoglobinemia (esp. in G6PD deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants <6 months of age, concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or metabolites); monitor. Solns containing antimicrobial preservatives: do not use for epidural or caudal anesthesia. Cardiovascular disease. Monitor cardiovascular and respiratory vital signs. Hypertensive vascular disease. Risk of respiratory arrest in ophthalmic surgery. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment. Renal impairment. Malignant hyperthermia. Head and neck administration. Avoid intravascular or intrathecal injection. Elderly. Labor & delivery. Pregnancy. Nursing mothers.
Marcaine Pharmacokinetics
See Literature
Marcaine Interactions
Interactions
Increased risk of methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to nitrates/nitrites, local anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, antimalarials, anticonvulsants, others. Additive effects with other products containing local anesthetics. Epinephrine: concomitant ergot-type oxytocic drugs not recommended; severe persistent hypertension may occur. Concomitant MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants, beta-adrenergic antagonists; avoid. Phenothiazines, butyrophenones may reduce or reverse pressor effect of epinephrine; avoid concomitant use. Risk of cardiac arrhythmias with potent inhalation anesthetics.
Marcaine Adverse Reactions
Adverse Reactions
CNS effects (eg, excitation, depression, restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, tremors), cardiovascular effects (eg, myocardium depression, decreased cardiac output, heart block, hypotension, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest), allergic-type reactions, neurologic effects (eg, spinal block, urinary retention, paresthesia, weakness, headache, paralysis of lower extremities).
Marcaine Clinical Trials
See Literature
Marcaine Note
Not Applicable
Marcaine Patient Counseling
See Literature
