Xeloda

— THERAPEUTIC CATEGORIES —
  • Breast cancer
  • Colorectal and other GI cancers
  • Pancreatic, thyroid, and other endocrine cancers

Xeloda Generic Name & Formulations

General Description

Capecitabine (prodrug of 5-fluorouracil) 150mg, 500mg; tabs.

Pharmacological Class

Fluoropyrimidine.

How Supplied

Tabs 150mg—60; 500mg—120

Manufacturer

Generic Availability

YES

Mechanism of Action

Enzymes convert capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo. Both normal and tumor cells metabolize 5-FU to 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP). These metabolites cause cell injury by two different mechanisms. First, FdUMP and the folate cofactor, N5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, bind to thymidylate synthase (TS) to form a covalently bound ternary complex. This binding inhibits the formation of thymidylate from 2’-deoxyuridylate. Thymidylate is the necessary precursor of thymidine triphosphate, which is essential for the synthesis of DNA, so that a deficiency of this compound can inhibit cell division. Second, nuclear transcriptional enzymes can mistakenly incorporate FUTP in place of uridine triphosphate (UTP) during the synthesis of RNA. This metabolic error can interfere with RNA processing and protein synthesis.

Xeloda Indications

Indications

For advanced or metastatic breast cancer: as a single agent if an anthracycline- or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated; or in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.

Xeloda Dosage and Administration

Adult

Swallow whole with water within 30mins after a meal. Take at same time each day approx. 12hrs apart. ≥18yrs: 1000mg/m2 or 1250mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle, as a single agent or in combination with docetaxel. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Renal impairment (CrCl 30–50mL/min): reduce capecitabine dose by 25%. Dose modifications for adverse reactions, other agents used in combination: see full labeling. 

Children

<18yrs: not established.

Xeloda Contraindications

Contraindications

History of severe hypersensitivity to fluorouracil.

Xeloda Boxed Warnings

Boxed Warning

Increased risk of bleeding with concomitant use of vitamin K antagonists.

Xeloda Warnings/Precautions

Warnings/Precautions

Withhold, adjust dose, or permanently discontinue based on adverse reactions (see full labeling). Not recommended for those known to have certain homozygous or compound heterozygous DPYD variants resulting in complete dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency; may have increased risk for serious adverse reactions. Consider testing for genetic variants of DPYD prior to initiation. Cardiotoxicity (esp. with a prior history of coronary artery disease). Monitor hydration status and renal function at baseline and as clinically indicated. Optimize hydration prior to initiation. Monitor for new or worsening serious skin reactions (eg, SJS, TEN). Permanently discontinue if severe cutaneous adverse reactions occur. Myelosuppression. Monitor CBCs at baseline and before each cycle. Do not administer if baseline neutrophils <1.5×109/L or platelets <100×109/L. Hyperbilirubinemia. Advise patients not to cut or crush tabs; should be handled by trained professionals. Hepatic or renal impairment (CrCl <30mL/min): monitor. Elderly. Embryo-fetal toxicity. Advise to use effective contraception during and for 6 months (females of reproductive potential) or for 3 months (males w. female partners) after the last dose. Pregnancy: exclude status prior to initiation. Nursing mothers: not recommended (during and for 1 week after the last dose).

Xeloda Pharmacokinetics

Distribution

Plasma protein bound: <60% (capecitabine and its metabolites).

Metabolism

Hepatic.

Elimination

Renal (96%), fecal (2.6%). Half-life: ~0.75 hour.

Xeloda Interactions

Interactions

Increased risk for bleeding with concomitant Vit. K antagonists; monitor INR more frequently and adjust dose of the Vit. K antagonist. Potentiates CYP2C9 substrates (eg, anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents). Monitor with phenytoin. Potentiated by leucovorin, folic acid, or folate analog products; avoid unless clinically indicated. May be antagonized by allopurinol; avoid. Concomitant nephrotoxic drugs (eg, platinum salts, irinotecan, methotrexate, IV bisphosphonates) may increase risk for renal toxicity.

Xeloda Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reactions

Anemia, diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, lymphopenia, hand-and-foot syndrome, vomiting, dermatitis; dehydration, renal toxicity.

Xeloda Clinical Trials

See Literature

Xeloda Note

Notes

Testing considerations: TS (thymidylate synthase), MSI (microsatellite instability), DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase)

Xeloda Patient Counseling

See Literature

Xeloda Generic Name & Formulations

General Description

Capecitabine (prodrug of 5-fluorouracil) 150mg, 500mg; tabs.

Pharmacological Class

Fluoropyrimidine.

How Supplied

Tabs 150mg—60; 500mg—120

Manufacturer

Generic Availability

YES

Mechanism of Action

Enzymes convert capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo. Both normal and tumor cells metabolize 5-FU to 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP). These metabolites cause cell injury by two different mechanisms. First, FdUMP and the folate cofactor, N5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, bind to thymidylate synthase (TS) to form a covalently bound ternary complex. This binding inhibits the formation of thymidylate from 2’-deoxyuridylate. Thymidylate is the necessary precursor of thymidine triphosphate, which is essential for the synthesis of DNA, so that a deficiency of this compound can inhibit cell division. Second, nuclear transcriptional enzymes can mistakenly incorporate FUTP in place of uridine triphosphate (UTP) during the synthesis of RNA. This metabolic error can interfere with RNA processing and protein synthesis.

Xeloda Indications

Indications

Adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. Perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy. Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. Treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. Treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen.

Xeloda Dosage and Administration

Adult

Swallow whole with water within 30mins after a meal. Take at same time each day approx. 12hrs apart.  ≥18yrs: Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer (as single agent): 1250mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle, for a max of 8 cycles; (in combination with oxaliplatin): 1000mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle, for a max of 8 cycles. Perioperative treatment of rectal cancer: 825mg/m2 twice daily with concomitant radiation therapy, or 1250mg/m2 twice daily without radiation therapy as part of a combination regimen. Unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer (as a single agent): 1250mg/m2 twice daily the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; (in combination with oxaliplatin): 1000mg/m2 twice daily the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer: 625mg/m2 twice daily on days 1–21 of each 21-day cycle for a max of 8 cycles in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy; or 850mg/m2 or 1000mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with oxaliplatin. HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: 1000mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with cisplatin and trastuzumab. Renal impairment (CrCl 30–50mL/min): reduce capecitabine dose by 25%. Dose modifications for adverse reactions, other agents used in combination: see full labeling.

Children

<18yrs: not established.

Xeloda Contraindications

Contraindications

History of severe hypersensitivity to fluorouracil.

Xeloda Boxed Warnings

Boxed Warning

Increased risk of bleeding with concomitant use of vitamin K antagonists.

Xeloda Warnings/Precautions

Warnings/Precautions

Withhold, adjust dose, or permanently discontinue based on adverse reactions (see full labeling). Not recommended for those known to have certain homozygous or compound heterozygous DPYD variants resulting in complete dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency; may have increased risk for serious adverse reactions. Consider testing for genetic variants of DPYD prior to initiation. Cardiotoxicity (esp. with a prior history of coronary artery disease). Monitor hydration status and renal function at baseline and as clinically indicated. Optimize hydration prior to initiation. Monitor for new or worsening serious skin reactions (eg, SJS, TEN). Permanently discontinue if severe cutaneous adverse reactions occur. Myelosuppression. Monitor CBCs at baseline and before each cycle. Do not administer if baseline neutrophils <1.5×109/L or platelets <100×109/L. Hyperbilirubinemia. Advise patients not to cut or crush tabs; should be handled by trained professionals. Hepatic or renal impairment (CrCl <30mL/min): monitor. Elderly. Embryo-fetal toxicity. Advise to use effective contraception during and for 6 months (females of reproductive potential) or for 3 months (males w. female partners) after the last dose. Pregnancy: exclude status prior to initiation. Nursing mothers: not recommended (during and for 1 week after the last dose).

Xeloda Pharmacokinetics

Distribution

Plasma protein bound: <60% (capecitabine and its metabolites).

Metabolism

Hepatic.

Elimination

Renal (96%), fecal (2.6%). Half-life: ~0.75 hour.

Xeloda Interactions

Interactions

Increased risk for bleeding with concomitant Vit. K antagonists; monitor INR more frequently and adjust dose of the Vit. K antagonist. Potentiates CYP2C9 substrates (eg, anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents). Monitor with phenytoin. Potentiated by leucovorin, folic acid, or folate analog products; avoid unless clinically indicated. May be antagonized by allopurinol; avoid. Concomitant nephrotoxic drugs (eg, platinum salts, irinotecan, methotrexate, IV bisphosphonates) may increase risk for renal toxicity.

Xeloda Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reactions

Anemia, diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, lymphopenia, hand-and-foot syndrome, vomiting, dermatitis; dehydration, renal toxicity.

Xeloda Clinical Trials

See Literature

Xeloda Note

Notes

Testing considerations: TS (thymidylate synthase), MSI (microsatellite instability), DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase)

Xeloda Patient Counseling

See Literature

Xeloda Generic Name & Formulations

General Description

Capecitabine (prodrug of 5-fluorouracil) 150mg, 500mg; tabs.

Pharmacological Class

Fluoropyrimidine.

How Supplied

Tabs 150mg—60; 500mg—120

Manufacturer

Generic Availability

YES

Mechanism of Action

Enzymes convert capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo. Both normal and tumor cells metabolize 5-FU to 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP). These metabolites cause cell injury by two different mechanisms. First, FdUMP and the folate cofactor, N5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, bind to thymidylate synthase (TS) to form a covalently bound ternary complex. This binding inhibits the formation of thymidylate from 2’-deoxyuridylate. Thymidylate is the necessary precursor of thymidine triphosphate, which is essential for the synthesis of DNA, so that a deficiency of this compound can inhibit cell division. Second, nuclear transcriptional enzymes can mistakenly incorporate FUTP in place of uridine triphosphate (UTP) during the synthesis of RNA. This metabolic error can interfere with RNA processing and protein synthesis.

Xeloda Indications

Indications

Adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.

Xeloda Dosage and Administration

Adult

Swallow whole with water within 30mins after a meal. Take at same time each day approx. 12hrs apart. ≥18yrs: 830mg/m2 twice daily for the first 21 days of each 28-day cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a max of 6 cycles in combination with gemcitabine. Renal impairment (CrCl 30–50mL/min): reduce capecitabine dose by 25%. Dose modifications for adverse reactions, other agents used in combination: see full labeling. 

Children

<18yrs: not established.

Xeloda Contraindications

Contraindications

History of severe hypersensitivity to fluorouracil.

Xeloda Boxed Warnings

Boxed Warning

Increased risk of bleeding with concomitant use of vitamin K antagonists.

Xeloda Warnings/Precautions

Warnings/Precautions

Withhold, adjust dose, or permanently discontinue based on adverse reactions (see full labeling). Not recommended for those known to have certain homozygous or compound heterozygous DPYD variants resulting in complete dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency; may have increased risk for serious adverse reactions. Consider testing for genetic variants of DPYD prior to initiation. Cardiotoxicity (esp. with a prior history of coronary artery disease). Monitor hydration status and renal function at baseline and as clinically indicated. Optimize hydration prior to initiation. Monitor for new or worsening serious skin reactions (eg, SJS, TEN). Permanently discontinue if severe cutaneous adverse reactions occur. Myelosuppression. Monitor CBCs at baseline and before each cycle. Do not administer if baseline neutrophils <1.5×109/L or platelets <100×109/L. Hyperbilirubinemia. Advise patients not to cut or crush tabs; should be handled by trained professionals. Hepatic or renal impairment (CrCl <30mL/min): monitor. Elderly. Embryo-fetal toxicity. Advise to use effective contraception during and for 6 months (females of reproductive potential) or for 3 months (males w. female partners) after the last dose. Pregnancy: exclude status prior to initiation. Nursing mothers: not recommended (during and for 1 week after the last dose).

Xeloda Pharmacokinetics

Distribution

Plasma protein bound: <60% (capecitabine and its metabolites).

Metabolism

Hepatic.

Elimination

Renal (96%), fecal (2.6%). Half-life: ~0.75 hour.

Xeloda Interactions

Interactions

Increased risk for bleeding with concomitant Vit. K antagonists; monitor INR more frequently and adjust dose of the Vit. K antagonist. Potentiates CYP2C9 substrates (eg, anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents). Monitor with phenytoin. Potentiated by leucovorin, folic acid, or folate analog products; avoid unless clinically indicated. May be antagonized by allopurinol; avoid. Concomitant nephrotoxic drugs (eg, platinum salts, irinotecan, methotrexate, IV bisphosphonates) may increase risk for renal toxicity.

Xeloda Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reactions

Anemia, diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, lymphopenia, hand-and-foot syndrome, vomiting, dermatitis; dehydration, renal toxicity.

Xeloda Clinical Trials

See Literature

Xeloda Note

Notes

Testing considerations: TS (thymidylate synthase), MSI (microsatellite instability), DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase)

Xeloda Patient Counseling

See Literature

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