Charts Archive - MPR Tue, 30 Apr 2024 20:13:50 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.3 https://www.empr.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2023/03/cropped-empr-32x32.jpg Charts Archive - MPR 32 32 Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedule: High Risk Pediatrics https://www.empr.com/charts/pneumococcal-vaccine-schedule-high-risk-pediatrics/ Mon, 22 Apr 2024 19:53:13 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=218957 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; } .wkm-SeeOnPhone {display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important;font-weight: bold!important; font-size: 12px!important;font-style: normal;background-color: #D3DFE5!important;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;vertical-align: bottom!important; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;font-size: 12px!important;font-weight: normal!important;font-style: normal!important;line-height: 120%!important;text-align: left!important;background-color: #F4F7F8!important;margin-top: 0!important; 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margin-bottom: 0!important;padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-bit-of-space {font-size: 5px!important;line-height: 25% !important;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;font-size: 12px!important;font-weight: normal!important;font-style: normal!important;line-height: 120%!important;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0;padding-bottom: 0px; } Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedule: High Risk Pediatrics
PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE SCHEDULE: HIGH-RISK PEDIATRICS
Risk Group or Condition Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations (2–18yrs)
Age 2–5yrs Age 6–18yrs
PCV unvaccinated or incomplete PCV series1 PCV series completed2 Complete PCV + PPSV23 vaccinated PCV unvaccinated PCV13 or PCV15 vaccinated (no PCV20) PCV13 or PCV15 (no PCV20) + PPSV23 vaccinated
With Chronic Medical Conditions
Chronic heart disease3 PCV15 or PCV20
2 doses ≥8wks apart

Missing 4th dose only:
PCV15 or PCV20
1 dose to complete series

Previously received PCV20:
No additional vaccine6
PCV20 included in the series:
No additional vaccine6

Only PCV13 or PCV15 used in the series:
PCV20 or PPSV237
1 dose ≥8wks after last PCV dose12
No additional vaccine6 PCV15 or PCV20
1 dose ≥8wks after last pneumococcal vaccine8
If PCV15 used, also give PPSV23 ≥8wks after the last PCV dose if not previously given
PCV20 or PPSV23
1 dose ≥8wks after last PCV dose12
No additional vaccine6
Chronic kidney disease4
Chronic liver disease
Chronic lung disease5
Diabetes mellitus
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Cochlear implant
With Immunocompromising Conditions
Maintenance dialysis or with nephrotic syndrome PCV15 or PCV20
2 doses ≥8wks apart

Missing 4th dose only:
PCV15 or PCV20
1 dose to complete series

Previously received PCV20:
No additional vaccine6
PCV20 included in the series:
No additional vaccine6

Only PCV13 or PCV15 used in the series: PCV2010 or PPSV237
1 dose ≥8wks after last PCV dose. If PPSV23 used, revaccinate with 1 dose PCV20 or PPSV23 ≥5yrs after the first PPSV23 dose12
No additional vaccine at this time
Revaccinate with 1 dose PCV20 or PPSV23 ≥5yrs after the first PPSV23 dose12
PCV15 or PCV20
1 dose ≥8wks after last pneumococcal vaccine8
If PCV15 used, also give PPSV23 ≥8wks after the last PCV dose if not previously given
PCV2010 or PPSV237
1 dose ≥8wks after last PCV dose. If PPSV23 used, revaccinate with 1 dose PCV20 or PPSV23 ≥5yrs after the first PPSV23 dose12
No additional vaccine at this time
Revaccinate with 1 dose PCV20 or PPSV23 ≥5yrs after the first PPSV23 dose12
Congenital or acquired asplenia or splenic dysfunction
Congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies9
Conditions treated with immunosuppressants or radiation therapy11
HIV infection
Sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies
NOTES

Key: PCV = pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV15 = 15-valent PCV; PCV20 = 20-valent PCV; PPSV23 = 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

 1 Any incomplete PCV schedule with <3 doses before age 2yrs.

 2 Completed all recommended PCV doses before age 6yrs.

 3 Especially in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease and cardiac failure.

 4 Excludes maintenance dialysis and nephrotic syndrome.

 5 Includes moderate persistent or severe persistent asthma.

 6 Pneumococcal vaccines are complete.

 7 Recommended for children aged ≥2yrs with no previous PCV20 vaccination.

 8 Give dose regardless of whether the child has previously received PPSV23 or PCV7.

 9 Includes B-(humoral) or T-lymphocyte deficiency, complement deficiencies particularly C1/C2/C3/C4 deficiency, phagocytic disorders (excluding chronic granulomatous disease).

10 If PCV20 is used, their vaccines are then complete.

11 Includes malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, solid organ transplant.

12 Regardless of vaccine used, their vaccines are then complete.

REFERENCE

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ACIP Updates: Recommendations for Use of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children — United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72:1072. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7239a5

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal Vaccination: Summary of Who and When to Vaccinate. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/hcp/who-when-to-vaccinate.html#children-6-18. Accessed March 19, 2024.

Created 3/2024

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Major Depressive Disorder Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/major-depressive-disorder-treatments/ Tue, 12 Dec 2023 21:37:22 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?post_type=chart&p=211542 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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text-align: left; }

Major Depressive Disorder Treatments

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS1
brexpiprazole Rexulti1 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, 2mg, 3mg, 4mg tabs Adults: Initially 0.5mg or 1mg once daily; titrate weekly up to target dose of 2mg/day; max 3mg/day. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh ≥7), or renal impairment (CrCl <60mL/min): max 2mg/day. CYP2D6 poor metabolizers: give ½ of usual dose; and if taking with moderate/strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: give ¼ of usual dose. Concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: give ½ of usual dose. Concomitant moderate/strong CYP2D6 with moderate/strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: give ¼ of usual dose. Concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers: double usual dose over 1–2wks.
Children: Not established.
cariprazine Vraylar1 1.5mg, 3mg, 4.5mg, 6mg caps Adults: Initially 1.5mg once daily; may increase to 3mg on Day 15 based on response and tolerability; max 3mg/day. Initiating a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor while on Vraylar: reduce Vraylar dose by ½. Initiating Vraylar while already on a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor: give 1.5mg on Days 1 and 3 (no dose on Day 2), then 1.5mg daily from Day 4 onward; increase to max 3mg/day.
Children: Not established.
quetiapine Seroquel XR1 50mg, 150mg, 200mg, 300mg, 400mg ext-rel tabs Adults: 50mg/day on days 1 and 2, then 150mg/day on day 3, then titrate to effective dose, usual range: 150–300mg/day. Elderly or hepatic impairment: initially 50mg/day; may increase at increments of 50mg/day.
Children: Not established.
MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOIs)
isocarboxazid Marplan2 10mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 10mg twice daily. May increase by 10mg every 2–4 days up to 40mg daily. If tolerated, may increase by 20mg/week to max 60mg/day divided into 2–4 doses.
Children: <16yrs: not recommended.
phenelzine Nardil2 15mg tabs Adults: Initially 15mg three times daily. Increase if needed to max 90mg daily. Reduce dose as condition improves.
Children: <16yrs: not recommended.
selegiline Emsam 6mg/24hr, 9mg/24hr, 12mg/24hr transdermal system Adults: Initially one 6mg/24hrs patch once daily. May titrate at intervals of ≥2wks in increments of 3mg/24hrs; max 12mg/24hrs. Elderly (≥65yrs): 6mg/24hrs once daily.
Children: ≤17yrs: not recommended.
tranylcypromine Parnate2 10mg tabs Adults: Initially 30mg daily in divided doses. If inadequate response, may increase in 10mg/day increments every 1–3wks; usual max 60mg/day.
Children: Not established.
N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA) ANTAGONISTS
dextromethorphan/ bupropion Auvelity 45mg/105mg ext-rel tabs Adults: Initially 1 tab once daily in the AM for 3 days, then increase to 1 tab twice daily (at least 8hrs apart). Max 2 doses daily. Moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30–59mL/min/1.73m2), concomitant strong CYP2D6 inhibitors, poor CYP2D6 metabolizers: reduce to 1 tab once daily in the AM.
Children: Not established.
esketamine Spravato1 28mg nasal spray Adults: MDD3: 84mg twice weekly for 4wks; may reduce to 56mg twice weekly based on tolerability. TRD4: Induction phase (Weeks 1–4): Day 1 starting dose: 56mg; subsequent doses: 56mg or 84mg twice weekly. Evaluate for continued treatment after the induction phase. Maintenance phase (Weeks 5–8): 56mg or 84mg once weekly; (Weeks 9 and after): 56mg or 84mg every 2wks or once weekly (frequency should be individualized).
Children: Not established.
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)
citalopram Celexa 10mg, 20mg+, 40mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 20mg once daily; after ≥1wk may increase to max 40mg/day. Elderly (>60yrs), hepatic impairment, CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, concomitant cimetidine or other CYP2C19 inhibitors: max 20mg/day.
Children: Not established
2mg/mL oral soln
escitalopram Lexapro 5mg, 10mg+, 20mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 10mg once daily; may increase to max 20mg once daily at an interval of no less than 1 week. Elderly or hepatic impairment: 10mg once daily.
Children: <12yrs: not established. 12–17yrs: initially 10mg once daily; may increase to 20mg once daily after 3wks.
1mg/mL oral soln
fluoxetine 60mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 20mg daily in AM; increase if needed after several weeks. May give doses >20mg/day in 2 divided doses (AM and noon); max 80mg/day.
Children: <8yrs: not established. 8–18yrs: initially 10mg or 20mg/day; if started on 10mg/day, increase after 1 week to 20mg/day. Lower weight children: start at 10mg/day; may increase after several weeks to 20mg/day.
Prozac 10mg, 20mg, 40mg caps
20mg/5mL oral soln
paroxetine Paxil 10mg+, 20mg+, 30mg+, 40mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 20mg/day, usually in the AM. Adjust by 10mg/day at 1wk intervals; max 50mg/day. Elderly, debilitated, severe hepatic or renal impairment: initially 10mg/day; max 40mg/day.
Children: Not established.
10mg/5mL oral susp
Paxil CR 12.5mg, 25mg, 37.5mg ext-rel tabs Adults: Initially 25mg/day, usually in the AM. Adjust by 12.5mg/day at 1wk intervals; max 62.5mg/day. Elderly, debilitated, severe hepatic or renal impairment: initially 12.5mg/day; max 50mg/day.
Children: Not established.
sertraline Zoloft 20mg+, 50mg+, 100mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 50mg once daily in AM or PM; may increase by 25–50mg/day at 1wk intervals; max 200mg/day.
Children: Not established.
20mg/mL oral soln
SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SNRIs)
desvenlafaxine Pristiq 25mg, 50mg, 100mg ext-rel tabs Adults: 50mg once daily. Moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30–50mL/min): max 50mg/day. Severe renal impairment (CrCl <30mL/min), ESRD: max 25mg daily or 50mg every other day. Do not give supplemental dose after dialysis. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment: max 100mg/day. Withdraw gradually.
Children: Not established.
duloxetine Cymbalta 20mg, 30mg, 60mg del-rel caps Adults: Initially 40mg/day (given as 20mg twice daily) to 60mg/day (given either once daily or as 30mg twice daily); may start at 30mg once daily for 1 week, if needed; usual target 60mg once daily (doses up to 120mg/day have been given). Maintenance: 60mg once daily.
Children: Not established.
levomilnacipran Fetzima 20mg, 40mg, 80mg, 120mg ext-rel caps Adults: Initially 20mg once daily for 2 days, and then increase to 40mg once daily; may increase dose in 40mg increments at intervals of ≥2 days; max 120mg once daily. Renal impairment: moderate (CrCl 30–59mL/min): max 80mg once daily; severe (CrCl 15–29mL/min): max 40mg once daily. ESRD: not recommended. Concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: max 80mg once daily.
Children: Not established.
venlafaxine 25mg+, 37.5mg+, 50mg+, 75mg+, 100mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 75mg/day in 2–3 divided doses; may increase at 4-day intervals in 75mg/day increments to 150mg/day; max 375mg/day, in 3 divided doses. Hepatic impairment: reduce by at least 50%. Renal impairment (mild or moderate): reduce by 25–50%; (severe or undergoing hemodialysis): reduce dose by at least 50%. Withdraw gradually (over 2wks).
Children: Not established.
Effexor XR 37.5mg, 75mg, 150mg ext-rel caps Adults: Initially 75mg once daily; may start at 37.5mg once daily for 4–7 days before increasing to 75mg/day; may increase by increments of up to 75mg/day at intervals of at least 4 days; usual max 225mg/day. Hepatic impairment: reduce by at least 50%. Renal impairment (mild or moderate): reduce by 25–50%; (severe or undergoing hemodialysis): reduce dose by at least 50%. Withdraw gradually (reduce by 75mg/day at 1wk intervals). Transferring from immediate-release: give total daily dose on once-daily basis.
Children: Not established.
SEROTONIN MODULATORS
vilazodone Viibryd 10mg, 20mg, 40mg tabs Adults: Initially 10mg once daily for 7 days, then 20mg once daily for 7 days, then increase to 40mg once daily. Concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: max 20mg once daily. Concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers for >14 days: consider increasing dose up to 2-fold over 1–2wks; max 80mg daily. Readjust to original level when CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers (in 14 days) are discontinued.
Children: Not established.
vortioxetine Trintellix 5mg, 10mg, 20mg tabs Adults: Initially 10mg once daily; then, increase to 20mg/day, as tolerated. May consider 5mg/day if unable to tolerate. Discontinuing treatment: may reduce to 10mg/day for one week before full discontinuation of 15mg/day or 20mg/day. CYP2D6 poor metabolizers: max 10mg/day. Concomitant strong CYP2D6 inhibitors: reduce vortioxetine dose by ½; increase to original dose when inhibitor is discontinued. Concomitant strong CYP inducers for >14 days: consider increasing vortioxetine dose up to max 3x original dose; reduce to original dose within 14 days when inducer is discontinued.
Children: Not established.
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS
amitriptyline 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 75mg, 100mg, 150mg tabs Adults: Initially 75mg daily in divided doses or 50–100mg daily at bedtime; max 150mg daily. Elderly and adolescents: reduce dose.
Children: Not recommended.
amoxapine 25mg+, 50mg+, 100mg+, 150mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 50mg 2–3 times daily; may increase to 100mg 2–3 times daily by the end of the first week. May increase above 300mg/day if dose has been ineffective for a period of at least 2wks. Maintenance: when effective dosage established, may give as single dose at bedtime (max 300mg). Elderly: initially 25mg 2–3 times daily; may increase by the end of the first week to 50mg 2–3 times daily. May increase carefully up to 300mg/day if necessary.
Children: Not established.
doxepin 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 75mg, 100mg, 150mg caps Adults: Mild: 25–50mg/day. Mild to moderate: initially 75mg/day; range 75–150mg/day. Severe: max 300mg/day. May give as single (up to 150mg) or divided doses; 150mg caps for maintenance only. Soln: dilute with 4oz juice, water, or milk.
Children: Not recommended.
10mg/mL oral soln
desipramine 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 75mg, 100mg, 150mg tabs Adults: 100–200mg daily in single or divided doses; max 300mg/day. Hospitalize initially if dose is 300mg/day; monitor ECG. Elderly and adolescents: 25–100mg/day in single or divided doses; max 150mg/day.
Children: Not recommended.
imipramine HCl 10mg, 25mg, 50mg tabs Adults: Outpatients: initially 75mg/day, may increase to 150mg/day; max 200mg/day. Maintenance: 50–150mg/day. Inpatients: initially 100mg/day, may increase to 200mg/day as needed; max 300mg/day. Adolescents or elderly: initially 30–40mg/day; max 100mg/day.
Children: Not established.
imipramine pamoate 75mg, 100mg, 125mg, 150mg caps Adults: Give once a day at bedtime or in divided doses. Outpatients: initially 75mg/day; max 200mg/day. Inpatients: initially 100–150mg/day, max 300mg/day. Adolescents or elderly: start with imipramine HCl tabs 25–50mg/day; usual max 100mg/day. For maintenance doses >75mg, may switch to imipramine pamoate caps.
Children: Not established.
nortriptyline 10mg/5mL oral soln Adults: Initially 25mg 3–4 times daily; max 150mg/day. Elderly and adolescents: 30–50mg/day in single or divided doses.
Children: Not recommended.
Pamelor 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 75mg caps
protriptyline 5mg, 10mg tabs Adults: Initially 15–40mg daily in 3–4 divided doses. Increase AM dose if needed; max 60mg/day. Elderly, adolescents: initially 5mg 3 times daily.
Children: Not established.
trimipramine 25mg, 50mg, 100mg caps Adults: Give in divided doses; may give maintenance dose once at bedtime. Outpatients: initially 75mg/day, may increase to 150mg/day, max 200mg/day; maintenance: 50–150mg/day. Hospitalized: initially 100mg/day, may increase gradually to 200mg/day; if no improvement in 2–3wks, may increase to max 250–300mg/day. Adolescents and elderly: initially 50mg/day, may increase gradually to 100mg/day.
Children: Not established.
OTHERS
bupropion 75mg, 100mg tabs Adults: Initially 100mg twice daily for at least 3 days; if tolerated, increase to 100mg 3 times daily at least 6hrs apart; max increase 100mg/day per 3-day period. May increase after several weeks to max 450mg/day in 3 divided doses; max single dose: 150mg (give 400mg/day as 100mg 4 times daily at least 4hrs apart). Moderate to severe hepatic impairment: max 75mg/day. Renal or mild hepatic impairment: consider reduced dose and/or dose frequency.
Children: Not established.
Aplenzin 174mg, 348mg, 522mg ext-rel tabs Adults: Initially 174mg once daily; after 4 days, may increase to target dose of 348mg once daily. Increase dose gradually to reduce seizure risk; max 522mg/day. Severe hepatic impairment: max 174mg every other day. Renal or mild-moderate hepatic dysfunction: reduce dose and/or frequency.
Children: Not established.
Forfivo XL5 450mg ext-rel tabs Adults: 450mg once daily. May be used in patients receiving 300mg/day of another bupropion forms for at least 2wks and requiring a 450mg/day dose. Taper dose using another bupropion form prior to stopping Forfivo XL. Switching from other bupropion forms at 450mg/day: give equivalent dose of Forfivo XL once daily.
Children: Not established.
Wellbutrin SR 100mg, 150mg, 200mg sust-rel tabs Adults: Initially 150mg once daily in the AM for at least 3 days; if tolerated, increase to 150mg twice daily at least 8hrs apart. May increase after several weeks to max 200mg twice daily at least 8hrs apart. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment: max 100mg/day or 150mg every other day. Renal or mild hepatic impairment: consider reduced dose and/or dose frequency.
Children: Not established.
Wellbutrin XL 150mg, 300mg ext-rel tabs Adults: Initially 150mg once daily in the AM for at least 4 days; if tolerated, increase to 300mg once daily in the AM at least 24hrs apart. May increase after several weeks to max 450mg/day. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment: max 150mg every other day. Renal or mild hepatic impairment: consider reduced dose and/or dose frequency.
Children: Not established.
mirtazapine Remeron 15mg+, 30mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 15mg once daily at bedtime; increase at intervals of at least 1–2wks; max 45mg/day. SolTab: Dissolve on tongue and swallow with or without water.
Children: Not established.
Remeron SolTab 15mg, 30mg, 45mg ODT
nefazodone 50mg, 100mg+, 150mg+, 200mg, 250mg tabs Adults: Initially 200mg/day in 2 divided doses; increase in increments of 100–200mg/day in 2 divided doses at 1-week intervals; range 300–600mg/day. Elderly or debilitated: 100mg/day in 2 divided doses.
Children: Not established.
olanzapine/ fluoxetine Symbyax4 3mg/25mg, 6mg/25mg caps Adults: Initially 6mg/25mg; range: 6–18mg/25–50mg. Risk of hypotension, hepatic impairment, slow metabolizers, or sensitive to olanzapine: initially 3mg/25mg to 6mg/25mg; titrate slowly and adjust as needed.
Children: Not established.
trazodone 50mg, 100mg, 150mg+, 300mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 150mg/day in divided doses with food. May increase by 50mg/day at 3–4 day intervals; max 400mg/day (outpatients) or 600mg/day (inpatients) in divided doses; give most of dose at bedtime.
Children: Not established.
NOTES

Key: + = scored; del-rel = delayed-release; ext-rel = extended-release; MDD = major depressive disorder; ODT = orally-disintegrating tablet; sust-rel = sustained-release; TRD = treatment-resistant depression

 

1 As adjunct to antidepressants.

2 Not as first-line therapy. Use in patients refractory to other antidepressants.

3 MDD with acute suicidal ideation or behavior.

4 For TRD, defined as MDD in patients who failed to respond to 2 or more separate trials of different antidepressants of adequate dose and duration in the current episode.

5 Not for treatment initiation. Use other forms of bupropion for initial dose titration.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

Created 11/2023

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Immune Globulins https://www.empr.com/charts/immune-globulins/ Tue, 05 Dec 2023 19:48:40 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?post_type=chart&p=211330 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }@media only screen and (max-width: 480px) { .wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: inline; } }.wkm-SeeOnTablet { display: inline; }@media only screen and (min-width: 600) { .wkm-SeeOnTablet { display: none; } }.wkm-straphead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; color: white; text-align: center; background-color: #557A8C; }table.wkm {border: none; border-collapse: collapse; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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}

Immune Globulins

IMMUNE GLOBULINS

The following is a list of immune globulins (IG) specifically for the treatment of primary immune deficiency.1,2

Brand Strength Form Dose
Immune Globulin (Human) 5%
Flebogamma DIF 5%3 0.5g/10mL, 2.5g/50mL, 5g/100mL, 10g/200mL, 20g/400mL liq for IV infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.01mL/kg/min (0.5mg/kg/min) for first 30mins. Maintenance: may gradually increase to max 0.10mL/kg/min (5mg/kg/min) if tolerated.4
Gammaplex 5%5 5g/100mL, 10g/200mL, 20g/400mL liq for IV infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: 300–800mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.5mg/kg/min for 15mins; if tolerated, may increase at 15min intervals up to max 4mg/kg/min.4
Octagam 5%6 1g/20mL, 2.5g/50mL, 5g/100mL, 10g/200mL, 25g/500mL liq for IV infusion Adults and Children: Individualize. 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.5mg/kg/min for the first 30min; if tolerated, may increase at 30min intervals to 1mg/kg/min, then 2mg/kg/min, then up to max 3.33mg/kg/min. Risk of measles exposure and receives <530mg/kg every 3–4wks: may increase to at least 530mg/kg; if exposed, give as soon as possible (within 6 days of exposure). Risk of renal dysfunction/failure or thrombosis: max rate <3.3mg/kg/min.
Immune Globulin (Human) 10%
Asceniv3 100mg/mL liq for IV infusion Adults and Children: <12yrs: insufficient data. Individualize. ≥12yrs: 300–800mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.5mg/kg/min for first 15mins. Maintenance: increase gradually every 15mins (if tolerated) up to 8mg/kg/min.4
Bivigam3 100mg/mL liq for IV infusion Adults and Children: <6yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥6yrs: 300–800mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.5mg/kg/min for first 10mins. Maintenance: increase every 20mins (if tolerated) by 0.8mg/kg/min up to 6mg/kg/min.4
Flebogamma DIF 10%3 5g/50mL, 10g/100mL, 20g/200mL liq for IV infusion Adults: Individualize. 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.01mL/kg/min (1mg/kg/min) for first 30mins. Maintenance: may gradually increase to 0.08mL/kg/min (8mg/kg/min) if tolerated.4
Children: Not established.
Gammagard3 100mg/mL liq for IV or SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. ≥2yrs: IV infusion: 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.5mL/kg/hr (0.8mg/kg/min) for 30mins; maintenance: increase every 30mins (if tolerated) up to 5mL/kg/hr (8mg/kg/min). Risk of renal dysfunction/failure or thrombosis4: max rate <3.3mg/kg/min. SC infusion: initial dose = (1.37 x previous IV dose) / number of weeks between IV doses. Maintenance dose is based on clinical response and target IgG trough level. Initial infusion rate: ≥40kg: 30mL/site at 20mL/hr/site; <40kg: 20mL/site at 15mL/hr/site. Maintenance infusion rate: ≥40kg: 30mL/site at 20–30mL/hr/site; <40kg: 20mL/site at 15–20mL/hr/site.
Gammaked3,7 1g/10mL, 2.5g/25mL, 5g/50mL, 10g/100mL, 20g/200mL soln for IV or SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. ≥2yrs: IV infusion: 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 1mg/kg/min; may gradually increase to max 8mg/kg/min if tolerated4. Risk of measles exposure with routine dose of <400mg/kg every 3–4wks: give at least 400mg/kg dose just prior to expected exposure; if exposed, give 400mg/kg dose as soon as possible. SC infusion9: start 1 week after last IGIV infusion. May use up to 6 (children) or 8 (adults) infusion sites (at least 2 inches apart) simultaneously. Initial weekly dose = (1.37 x previous IGIV dose [in grams]) / number of weeks between IGIV doses. Infusion rate: adults: 20mL/hr/site; children/adolescents (if <25kg): 10mL/hr/site; (if ≥25kg): initially 15mL/hr/site, then increase up to 20mL/hr/site.
Gammaplex 10%5 5g/50mL, 10g/100mL, 20g/200mL liq for IV infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: 300–800mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at a rate of 0.5mg/kg/min for 15mins; if tolerated, may increase at 15min intervals up to max 8mg/kg/min4.
Gamunex-C3 1g/10mL, 2.5g/25mL, 5g/50mL, 10g/100mL, 20g/200mL, 40g/400mL soln for IV or SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. ≥2yrs: IV infusion: 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 1mg/kg/min for first 30mins; if tolerated, may increase gradually to max 8mg/kg/min4. SC infusion9: start 1 week after last IGIV infusion. May use up to 6 (children) or 8 (adults) infusion sites (at least 2 inches apart) simultaneously. Initial weekly dose = (1.37 x previous IGIV dose [in grams]) / number of weeks between IGIV doses. To convert dose to mL, multiply calculated SC dose (in grams) by 10. Infusion rate: adults: 20mL/hr/site; children/adolescents (if <25kg): 10mL/hr/site;(if ≥25kg): initially 15mL/hr/site, then increase up to 20mL/hr/site.
Panzyga3 100mg/mL soln for IV infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. ≥2yrs: 300–600mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 1mg/kg/min for first 30mins; if tolerated, may gradually increase every 15–30mins up to max 14mg/kg/min. Risk of renal dysfunction/failure or thrombosis4: max rate 3.3mg/kg/min.
Privigen3,8 0.1g/mL soln for IV infusion Adults and Children: <3yrs: not established. ≥3yrs: 200–800mg/kg IV every 3–4wks at initial rate of 0.5mg/kg/min; if tolerated, may increase to 8mg/kg/min.4
Immune Globulin (Human) 16.5%
Cutaquig6 165mg/mL soln for SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: Start 1 week after last IGIV or IGSC infusion (for weekly or frequent dosing), or 1–2wks after last IGIV infusion or 1wk after last IGSC infusion (for biweekly dosing).4,9 May use up to 6 infusion sites (at least 2 inches apart) simultaneously; rotate sites. Switching from IGIV: Initial weekly dose = (previous IGIV dose [in grams] x 1.30) / number of weeks between IGIV doses. Switching from other IGSC: maintain previous IGSC weekly dose (in grams). Biweekly dose: multiply the calculated weekly dose by 2. Frequent dosing (2–7 times/week): divide calculated weekly dose by the desired number of infusions per week. Dose adjustments: based on serum IgG trough levels after 2–3mos of initiation and desired clinical response (see full labeling). Risk of measles exposure and receives <245mg/kg weekly: may increase to 245mg/kg; if exposed, give as soon as possible and within 6 days of exposure.
Immune Globulin (Human) 20%
Cuvitru3 200mg/mL soln for SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not evaluated. Individualize. ≥2yrs: Administer at regular intervals daily up to every 2wks.9 May use up to 4 sites simultaneously; rotate sites. Infuse as tolerated up to max 60mL/site at 10-20mL/hr/site for first 2 infusions, then up to 60mL/hr/site for subsequent infusions; max 240mL/hr (across 4 sites).4 Switching from IGIV or Hyqvia: initiate 1 week after last IGIV or Hyqvia infusion; convert monthly dose into equivalent weekly dose. Initial weekly dose = (previous IGIV or Hyqvia dose [g] / number of weeks between IGIV or Hyqvia doses) x 1.3. Switching from IGSC: use same weekly dose (g) as prior IGSC treatment.
Hizentra5,8 0.2g/mL liq for SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: Ensure patients have received IGIV at regular intervals for at least 3mos before initiation. Start 1 week after last IGIV or IGSC infusion (for weekly or frequent dosing), or 1–2wks after last IGIV infusion or 1 week after last weekly IGSC infusion (for biweekly dosing). Infuse as tolerated up to max 15mL/site at max 15mL/hr/site for first dose; may increase to 25mL/site at max 25mL/hr/site for subsequent doses.4,9 May use up to 8 infusion sites (at least 2 inches apart) simultaneously; rotate sites. Switching from IGIV: Initial weekly dose = (1.37 x previous IGIV dose [in grams]) / number of weeks between IGIV doses. Switching from IGSC: maintain previous IGSC weekly dose. Biweekly dose: multiply the calculated weekly dose by 2. Frequent dosing (2–7 times/week): divide calculated weekly dose by the desired number of times per week. Dose adjustments: based on serum IgG trough levels after 2–3mos of initiation and desired clinical response (see full labeling). Risk of measles exposure: give a minimum total weekly dose of 0.2g/kg for 2 consecutive weeks; if biweekly dosing: give one infusion at minimum of 400mg/kg.
Xembify3 200mg/mL soln for SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: Infuse as tolerated up to max 25mL/site at max rate 25mL/hr/site.4,9 May use up to 6 infusion sites (≥2 inches apart) simultaneously; rotate sites. Switching from IGIV: initiate 1 week after last IGIV infusion; convert monthly dose into equivalent weekly dose. Initial weekly dose = (prior IGIV [in grams] / number of weeks between IGIV doses) × 1.37. Switching from IGSC: use same weekly dose (in grams) as prior IGSC treatment. For frequent dosing (2–7 times/week): divide calculated weekly dose by desired number of times per week. Dose adjustments: measure serum IgG trough levels as early as 5wks after initiation and every 2–3mos based on adequate clinical response (see full labeling).
Immune Globulin (Human) 10% + Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase
Hyqvia3 2.5g/200U, 5g/400U, 10g/800U, 20g/1600U, 30g/2400U soln for SC infusion Adults and Children: <2yrs: not established. Individualize. ≥2yrs: Start treatment 1 week after last IgG infusion; increase dose and frequency from 1-week dose to a 3- or 4-week dose. Infuse 2 components sequentially into abdomen or thighs using an infusion pump, beginning with recombinant human hyaluronidase then immune globulin within 10mins. Initial interval/dosage ramp-up: 7.5g on Week 1, then 15g on Week 2, then 22.5g on Week 4, then 30g on Week 7. Initial infusion rate (recombinant human hyaluronidase): 1–2mL/min per site or as tolerated; (immune globulin): see full labeling.4 Volume per site: (<40kg): may administer up to 300mL/site; (≥40kg): up to 600mL/site. Switching from IGIV: give at same dose and frequency as previous IV treatment after initial dose ramp-up. Switching from IGSC or if IGSC-naive: 300–600mg/kg at 3–4wk intervals after initial ramp-up. Exposed to measles: give 400mg/kg as soon as possible and within 6 days of exposure. At risk for future measles exposure: give at least 530mg/kg every 3–4wks.
NOTES

Key: IgG = immunoglobulin G; IGIV = immune globulin intravenous; IGSC = immune globulin subcutaneous; IV = intravenous; SC = subcutaneous

1 Congenital or X-linked agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, or severe combined immunodeficiencies.

2 Other indications for immune globulins include, but not limited to, chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD), and dermatomyositis (DM).

3 Sucrose- and preservative-free.

4 Risk of renal dysfunction/failure, volume overload, or thrombosis: give at the minimum dose and/or infusion rate practicable; see full labeling.

5 Sucrose-, maltose-, preservative- and latex-free.

6 Contains maltose; sucrose- and preservative-free.

7 Caprylate/chromatography purified.

8 Contains L-proline.

9 Give by using an infusion pump into abdomen, thigh, upper arm, and/or lateral hip areas. Prior to treatment, obtain serum IgG trough level to guide subsequent dose adjustments.

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

Created 9/2023

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Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedule: Adults https://www.empr.com/charts/pneumococcal-vaccine-schedule-adults/ Fri, 28 Jul 2023 15:14:12 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?post_type=chart&p=201329 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; } .wkm-SeeOnPhone {display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important;font-weight: bold!important; font-size: 12px!important;font-style: normal;background-color: #D3DFE5!important;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;vertical-align: bottom!important; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;font-size: 12px!important;font-weight: normal!important;font-style: normal!important;line-height: 120%!important;text-align: left!important;background-color: #F4F7F8!important;margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important;vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important;font-size: 11px!important;font-weight: normal!important;font-style: normal!important;line-height: 120%!important;text-align: left!important;background-color: #F4F7F8!important;margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important;vertical-align: top!important;}p.wkm-hang {margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 1em!important; text-indent: -1em!important; font-size:12px!important; font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important;line-height:120%!important;}th.wkm-intro {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;font-weight: normal;font-size: 12px;font-style: normal;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: left; line-height: 120% ;background-color: white;border: none;border-collapse: collapse;padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .wkm-straphead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;color: white;text-align: center;background-color: #557A8C; }table.wkm {border: none;border-collapse: collapse; }th.wkm-inside {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-weight: bold!important; 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padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }p.wkm-foot-hang {margin-top: 3px!important; margin-bottom: 0!important;margin-left: 1em!important; text-indent: -1.1em!important;padding-bottom: 0px!important;font-size:11px!important;font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important;line-height:120%!important;}p.wkm-foot {margin-top: 3px!important; margin-bottom: 3px!important;padding-bottom: 0px!important; font-size:11px!important; font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; line-height:120%!important;}p.wkm-revision {font-size: 10px!important;text-align: right!important;margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important;padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-bit-of-space {font-size: 5px!important;line-height: 25% !important;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;font-size: 12px!important;font-weight: normal!important;font-style: normal!important;line-height: 120%!important;margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0;padding-bottom: 0px; } PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE SCHEDULE: ADULTS
PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE SCHEDULE: ADULTS
Patient Criteria Vaccine History Initial Vaccine Minimum Interval for Subsequent Vaccine
≥8 weeks ≥1 year ≥5 years
AGE ≥65 YEARS
Immunocompetent None1 PCV20      
OR
PCV15 PPSV23
PPSV23 only (at any age)   PCV20  
OR
  PCV15  
PCV13 only (at any age)   PCV20  
OR
  PPSV23  
PCV13 (at any age) and PPSV23 (at <65yrs)     PCV20
OR
  PPSV232
PCV13 (at any age) and PPSV23 (at ≥65yrs)     PCV203
With an immunocompromising condition4, cochlear implant, or CSF leak None1 PCV20      
OR
PCV15 PPSV23    
PPSV23 only (at any age)   PCV20  
OR
  PCV15  
PCV13 only (at any age)   PCV20  
OR
PPSV23    
PCV13 (at any age) & PPSV23 (at <65yrs)     PCV20
OR
PPSV235
PCV13 (at any age) & PPSV23 (at ≥65yrs)     PCV20
AGE 19−64 YEARS
With an immunocompromising condition4 None1 PCV20      
OR
PCV15 PPSV23    
PPSV23 only   PCV20  
OR
  PCV15  
PCV13 only   PCV20  
OR
PPSV23   PPSV236
PCV13 and 1 dose PPSV23     PCV20
OR
PPSV235,6
PCV13 and 2 doses PPSV23     PCV20
OR
None6,7
With cochlear implant or CSF leak None1 PCV20      
OR
PCV15 PPSV23    
PPSV23 only   PCV20  
OR
  PCV15  
PCV13 only   PCV20  
OR
PPSV236    
PCV13 and 1 dose PPSV23     PCV20
OR
None6,7
With a chronic medical condition8 None1 PCV20      
OR
PCV15   PPSV23  
PPSV23 only   PCV20  
OR
  PCV15  
PCV139 only   PCV20  
OR
  PPSV236  
PCV139 and PPSV23 None6,7
NOTES

Key:CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; PCV = pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPSV = pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

 1 Also applies to receipt of PCV7 at any age and no other pneumococcal vaccines.

 2 The minimum interval for PPSV23 is ≥1yr since last PCV13 dose and ≥5yrs since last PPSV23 dose.

 3 Based on shared clinical decision-making with the patient, vaccine providers may choose to administer PCV20 to those who have already completed the series with PCV13 and PPSV23.

 4 Immunocompromising conditions include chronic renal failure, congenital or acquired asplenia, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (eg, B- or T-lymphocyte deficiency, complement deficiencies [particularly C1, C2, C3, and C4 deficiencies], phagocytic disorders [excluding chronic granulomatous disease]), generalized malignancy, HIV infection, Hodgkin disease, iatrogenic immunosuppression (eg, treatment with immunosuppressants, including long-term systemic corticosteroids, radiation), leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, nephrotic syndrome, sickle cell disease/other hemoglobinopathies, solid organ transplant.

 5 The minimum interval for PPSV23 is ≥8wks since last PCV13 dose and ≥5yrs since last PPSV23 dose in adults ≥65yrs with an immunocompromising condition, cochlear implant, or CSF leak, or in adults 19–64yrs with immunocompromising condition.

 6 Review pneumococcal vaccine recommendations again when patient turns 65yrs old.

 7 No vaccines recommended at this time.

 8 Chronic medical conditions include alcoholism, chronic heart disease (eg, CHF, cardiomyopathies), chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease (eg, COPD, emphysema, asthma), cigarette smoking, diabetes.

 9 Adults with chronic medical conditions were previously not recommended to receive PCV13.

REFERENCES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal Vaccine Timing for Adults. Accessed March 15, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/downloads/pneumo-vaccine-timing.pdf.

Created 6/2023

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RSV Management https://www.empr.com/charts/rsv-management/ Wed, 28 Jun 2023 15:20:09 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=199742 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 11px!important; 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RSV Management

RSV MANAGEMENT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes annual outbreaks of respiratory illnesses in all age groups. RSV season starts in the fall and peaks in the winter, but the timing and severity of RSV season in a given community can vary from year to year.

 

RSV infection can cause a variety of respiratory illnesses in infants and young children. The most common presentation in children is a cold-like illness, but lower respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia can also develop. Severe disease most commonly occurs in very young infants. Children are considered high risk if they have any of the following underlying conditions: prematurity; infants, especially age ≤6mos; age ≤2yrs with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease; immunosuppression; neuromuscular disorders, including difficulty swallowing or clearing mucus secretions. Adults with RSV infection usually present asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. Symptomatic presentation is usually consistent with an upper respiratory tract infection (rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, cough, headache, fatigue, fever). Risk factors for severe illness in adults include: older age, especially age ≥65yrs; chronic lung or heart disease; immunosuppression. RSV can also exacerbate chronic medical conditions such as asthma, COPD, and CHF.

 

This chart includes prophylactic therapies for RSV, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, and an antiviral for the treatment of RSV infection.

Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
PROPHYLAXIS
Vaccines
respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (RSVpreF) Abrysvo

0.5mL

soln for IM inj

Adults: Pregnant individuals (32–36wks gestational age) or ≥60yrs: 1 dose (0.5mL) IM once.
Children: <18yrs: Not established.

respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted (RSVPreF3) Arexvy 0.5mL susp for IM inj

Adults: ≥60yrs: 1 dose (0.5mL) IM once.
Children: Not established.

Monoclonal Antibody
palivizumab1 Synagis 50mg/vial, 100mg/vial liq soln for IM inj

Adults: Not indicated.
Children: 15mg/kg IM once monthly before and during RSV season; start one month prior to RSV season. Cardiopulmonary bypass: give an additional dose as soon as possible after the procedure (even if sooner than a month after the last dose), then monthly thereafter. Divide doses >1mL into 2 inj sites.

TREATMENT
ribavirin2,3 Virazole 6g/vial pwd for reconstitution and aerosol inh

Adults: Not indicated.
Children:
Begin treatment preferably within first 3 days of infection. 20mg/mL as starting soln in drug reservoir for continuous aerosol administration for 12–18hrs/day for 3–7 days.

NOTES

Key:CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IM = intramuscular; inh = inhalation; inj = injection; liq = liquid; pwd = powder; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus; soln = solution; susp = suspension

 1 Not established for treatment of RSV disease. Indications for use in pediatric patients include: with a history of premature birth
(≤35 weeks gestational age) and who are ≤6mos of age at the beginning of RSV season; with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
that required medical treatment within the previous 6mos and who are ≤24mos of age at the beginning of RSV season; with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease and who are ≤24mos of age at the beginning of RSV season.

 2 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends the use of ribavirin to be based on clinical circumstances, patient factors and risks, and in patients with severe disease or those at risk for severe disease (eg, immunocompromised, hemodynamically significant cardiopulmonary disease). They also recommend its use in the immunocompromised or transplant high-risk groups with or without palivizumab.

 3 Contraindicated in pregnancy

REFERENCES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV): For Healthcare Providers. Accessed June 20, 2033. https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/clinical/index.html.

Eiland LS. Respiratory syncytial virus: diagnosis, treatment and prevention. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Apr;14(2):75-85. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-14.2.75. PMID: 23055894; PMCID: PMC3461981.

Created 9/2023

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PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES
Generic Brand Volume Form Serotypes1 Vaccination Dosing Schedule
PCV13
pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine Prevnar 132,3 0.5mL susp for IM inj 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F Recommended vaccination ≥6wks: 4 doses usually given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15mos of age (may start at 6wks of age: give first 3 doses 4–8wks apart, and 4th dose ≥2mos after 3rd dose)
6–17yrs: 1 dose. If previously vaccinated with Prevnar, give 1 dose of Prevnar 13 ≥8wks after final dose of Prevnar
≥18yrs: 1 dose
Catch-up vaccination for previously unvaccinated children 7–11mos: 3 doses (2nd dose ≥4wks after 1st dose, 3rd dose after 1st birthday and ≥2mos after 2nd dose)
12–23mos: 2 doses ≥2mos apart
2–5yrs: 1 dose
PCV15
pneumococcal 15-valent conjugate vaccine Vaxneuvance2 0.5mL susp for IM inj 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, 33F Recommended vaccination ≥6wks: 4 doses given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15mos of age (and ≥2mos after the 3rd dose). May give 1st dose as early as 6wks of age.
≥18yrs: 1 dose
Catch-up vaccination for previously unvaccinated children 7–11mos: 3 doses (give 1st 2 doses ≥4wks apart, 3rd dose after 1st birthday and separated by ≥2mos after 2nd dose)
12–23mos: 2 doses ≥2mos apart
2–17yrs: 1 dose
Previously vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine4 2–17yrs: 1 dose (≥2mos should elapse between the last dose of another pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and Vaxneuvance)
PCV20
pneumococcal 20-valent conjugate vaccine Prevnar 202,3 0.5mL susp for IM inj 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, 33F Recommended vaccination ≥6wks: 4 doses given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15mos of age (and ≥2mos after the 3rd dose). May give 1st dose as early as 6wks of age.
≥18yrs: 1 dose
Catch-up vaccination for previously unvaccinated children 7–11mos: 3 doses (give 1st 2 doses ≥4wks apart, 3rd dose after 1st birthday and separated by ≥2mos after 2nd dose)
12–23mos: 2 doses ≥2mos apart
2–17yrs: 1 dose
Previously vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine4 15mos–17yrs: 1 dose (≥8wks should elapse between the last dose of a lower valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and Prevnar 20)
PPSV23
pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax 235,6 0.5mL soln for IM or SC inj 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19F, 19A, 20, 22F, 23F, 33F Recommended vaccination ≥2yrs7: 1 dose
≥50yrs: 1 dose
NOTES

Key: IM = intramuscular; PCV = pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPSV = pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; SC = subcutaneous

1 Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

2 Contraindicated in patients with allergy to any diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine, aluminum phosphate, polysorbate 80 (polysorbate 20 for Vaxneuvance).

3 Also indicated for the prevention of otitis media due to serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F.

4 Incomplete series of another pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

5 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommendations for revaccination against pneumococcal disease for patients at high risk who were previously vaccinated with Pneumovax 23. Routine revaccination of immunocompetent patients previously vaccinated with a 23-valent vaccine is not recommended.

6 Contraindicated in patients with allergy to phenol.

7 Indicated for patients aged ≥2yrs who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease.

(Rev. 9/2023)

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Nasal Polyps Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/nasal-polyps-treatments/ Mon, 06 Feb 2023 17:47:26 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=191246 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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} thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 11px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; } tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; } tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% ; text-align: left; background-color: #F4F7F8; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top; } p.wkm-hang { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: .5em; text-indent: -.5em; } th.wkm-intro {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; line-height: 120% ; background-color: white; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .wkm-spannerlvl1left {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 11px; line-height: 120% ; text-transform: uppercase ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } .wkm-spannerlvl2left {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 11px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #C0D1DA; color: black; text-align: left; } .wkm-spannerlvl3left {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 9px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #D3DFE5; color: black; text-align: left; } }.wkm-straphead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; color: white; text-align: center; background-color: #557A8C; }table.wkm {border: none; border-collapse: collapse; }th.wkm-inside {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 11px !important; vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 120% ; text-align: left; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }th.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 11px !important; vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 120% ; text-align: left; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topdashed-botNOrule { border-top: 2px dashed #b7b7b7; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-topdashed-botNOrule { border-top: 2px dashed #b7b7b7; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topdashed { border-top: 2px dashed #b7b7b7; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; } td.wkm-first-topdashed { border-top: 2px dashed #b7b7b7; 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border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topdotted { border-top: 2px dotted #b7b7b7; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first-topdotted { border-top: 2px dotted #b7b7b7; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-topdotted { border-top: 2px dotted #b7b7b7; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first-topNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; 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border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; 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padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }p.wkm-sub-hang { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 3.1em; text-indent: -1em; padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm-foot-hang { font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 11px !important; font-weight: normal !important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120%!important; text-align: left!important; margin-top: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; margin-left: 1em!important; text-indent: -1em!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-foot { margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 11px !important; font-weight: normal !important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120%!important; text-align: left!important;}p.wkm-revision { font-size: 10px !important; text-align: right!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-bit-of-space { font-size: 10px!important; line-height: 100% !important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; vertical-align: top!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-right: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; text-indent: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } Nasal Polyps Treatments
NASAL POLYPS TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
IgE BLOCKER
omalizumab Xolair1 150mg/vial pwd for SC inj after reconstitution Adults: Base dose and frequency on baseline serum total IgE level and body weight; see full labeling. 75–600mg every 2 or 4wks; max 150mg per inj site. Children: Not established.
75mg/0.5mL, 150mg/mL soln for SC inj
INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR ALPHA ANTAGONIST
dupilumab Dupixent2 100mg/0.67mL, 200mg/1.14mL, 300mg/2mL soln for SC inj Adults: 300mg every other week. Children: Not established.
INTERLEUKIN-5 ANTAGONIST
mepolizumab Nucala2 100mg/vial pwd for SC inj after reconstitution Adults: 100mg once every 4wks. Children: Not established.
100mg/mL, 40mg/0.4mL soln for SC inj
STEROIDS
beclomethasone dipropionate Beconase AQ3 42mcg/spray nasal spray Adults and Children: <6yrs: not recommended. ≥6yrs: 1–2 sprays in each nostril twice daily; max 2 sprays in each nostril twice daily. Reevaluate if no improvement in 3wks; nasal polyp prophylaxis may warrant longer treatment.
fluticasone propionate Xhance 93mcg/spray nasal spray Adults: 1 spray in each nostril twice daily (2 sprays in each nostril may be effective in some patients). Max 2 sprays in each nostril twice daily (744mcg/day). Children: Not established.
mometasone furoate 50mcg/spray nasal spray Adults: 2 sprays in each nostril 1–2 times daily. Children: Not established.
Sinuva4 1350mcg sinus implant Adults: Insert 1 implant for 90 days. Implant can be removed at Day 90 or earlier based on physician’s discretion. Children: Not established.
NOTES

1 Add-on maintenance in patients with inadequate response to nasal steroids.

2 Add-on maintenance of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in patients with inadequate response to nasal steroids.

3 For prophylaxis of nasal polyp recurrence.

4 For nasal polyps in patients who have had ethmoid sinus surgery. To be used by trained physicians for placement in ethmoid sinus under endoscopic visualization.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications or dosing details. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

Created 1/2023

]]>
C. Difficile Infection Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/c-difficile-infection-treatments/ Wed, 28 Dec 2022 20:19:45 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=189700 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% ; text-align: left; background-color: #F4F7F8; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% ; 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font-size: 10px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% ; text-align: left; background-color: #F4F7F8; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top; } p.wkm-hang { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: .5em; text-indent: -.5em; } .wkm-spannerlvl1left {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 11px; line-height: 120% ; text-transform: uppercase ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } .wkm-spannerlvl2left {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 11px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #C0D1DA; color: black; text-align: left; } .wkm-spannerlvl3left {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 9px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #D3DFE5; color: black; text-align: left; } }.wkm-straphead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; color: white; text-align: center; background-color: #557A8C; }table.wkm {border: none; border-collapse: collapse; }th.wkm-intro {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 11px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; vertical-align: top!important; text-align: left!important; line-height: 120%!important ; background-color: white!important; border: none!important; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }th.wkm-inside {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; 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font-size: 11px!important; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left; background-color: #F4F7F8; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-list { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }p.wkm-sub-hang { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 3.1em; text-indent: -1em; padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm-foot-hang {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 11px!important; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8; vertical-align: top!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 1em!important; text-indent: -1em!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm-foot {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 11px!important; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left; background-color: #F4F7F8; vertical-align: top; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm-revision { font-size: 10px!important; text-align: right!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm-bit-of-space { font-size: 5px!important; line-height: 25% !important; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0px; }p.wkm { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } C. Difficile Infection Treatments

C. DIFFICILE INFECTION TREATMENTS
The following are FDA-approved therapies for the management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adults. Off-label therapies and dosing are based on recommendations from the Clinical Practice Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) for the management of CDI.
Generic Brand Strength Form Adult Dose
FIRST CDI OCCURENCE1
Recommended
fidaxomicin Dificid 200mg tabs 200mg twice daily for 10 days.
40mg/mL granules for oral susp
Alternative
vancomycin2 Vancocin 125mg, 250mg caps 125mg 4 times daily for 10 days.
Firvanq 3.75g, 7.5g, 15g pwd for oral soln
metronidazole2,3 Flagyl 250mg, 500mg tabs Non-severe CDI: 500mg 3 times daily for 10−14 days.
RECURRENT CDI4
Recommended
fidaxomicin Dificid 200mg tabs First and subsequent recurrence: 200mg twice daily for 10 days4.
40mg/mL granules for oral susp
Alternative
vancomycin2 Vancocin 125mg, 250mg caps First recurrence: 125mg 4 times daily for 10 days5, or tapered/pulsed regimen4. Second or subsequent recurrence: tapered/pulsed regimen4, or 125mg 4 times daily for 10 days followed by rifaximin4.
Firvanq 3.75g, 7.5g, 15g pwd for oral soln
bezlotoxumab6 Zinplava 25mg/mL soln for IV infusion First and subsequent recurrence (adjunct): 10mg/kg once with standard of care antibiotics. Infuse over 60mins.
fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk7 Vowst caps Recurrent CDI: 4 caps once daily for 3 consecutive days. Complete antibiotic treatment for recurrent CDI 2–4 days prior to intiation. Drink 10oz (296mL) magnesium citrate 1 day prior to and ≥8hrs prior to first dose of Vowst; avoid eating or drinking (except for small amount of water) for ≥8hrs prior to first dose. Take on empty stomach prior to first meal of the day.
fecal microbiota, live-jslm 7 Rebyota susp for rectal use Recurrent CDI: For rectal use only. Empty bladder and bowel before administration. Give a single dose (150mL) 24–72hrs after the last dose of antibiotics for CDI.
NOTES

Key: CDI = Clostridioides difficile infection

1 The IDSA/SHEA clinical practice guideline on the management of CDI recommends fidaxomicin over vancomycin as the preferred treatment for the first occurrence of CDI due to its safety and efficacy profile. Vancomycin is an accepted alternative, and metronidazole may be used if fidaxomicin and vancomycin are unavailable.

2 For the treatment of fulminant CDI, defined as the presence of hypotension, shock, ileus, or megacolon, consult the IDSA/SHEA clinical practice guideline on the management of CDI for its recommendation on vancomycin and metronidazole use.

3 The use of metronidazole for CDI is not an FDA-approved indication, however, the IDSA/SHEA guideline recommends off-label use as an alternative for non-severe CDI (eg, WBC ≤15,000 cells/µL and serum creatinine <1.5mg/dL) if fidaxomicin and vancomycin are unavailable.

4 For alternative dosing (eg, fidaxomicin extended regimen, tapered/pulsed vancomycin regimen) and off-label therapies (eg, rifaximin, fecal microbiota transplantation) for recurrent CDI, consult the IDSA/SHEA clinical practice guideline on the management of CDI.

5 Consider standard dosing (125mg 4 times daily) if metronidazole was used for first CDI episode.

6 Use only in conjunction with antibacterial drug treatment of CDI to reduce CDI recurrence in patients at high risk for recurrence (eg, age ≥65yrs, immunocompromised [per history or use of immunosuppressants], and severe CDI on presentation). Caution in patients with CHF.

7Use after the completion of antibiotic treatment for recurrent CDI to prevent CDI recurrence.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCE

Johnson S, Lavergne V, Skinner AM, Gonzales-Luna AJ, Garey KW, Kelly CP, Wilcox MH. Clinical Practice Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA): 2021 Focused Update Guidelines on Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(5):e1029–e1044. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab549.

(Rev. 9/2023)

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Hepatitis C Virus Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/hepatitis-c-virus-treatments/ Mon, 21 Nov 2022 20:57:38 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=188334 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120%!important; text-align: left!important;}p.wkm-revision { font-size: 10px !important; text-align: right!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-bit-of-space { font-size: 10px!important; line-height: 100% !important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; vertical-align: top!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-right: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; text-indent: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } Hepatitis C Virus Treatments
HEPATITIS C VIRUS TREATMENTS
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) management for treatment-naive patients is based on HCV genotype and the presence or absence of cirrhosis. The following lists the recommended treatments and duration of therapy for genotypes 1 through 6. For management of treatment-experienced patients or those with multiple treatment failures, please refer to the AASLD-IDSA’s HCV guidelines or the full drug labeling.
      With Decompensated Cirrhosis1
Genotype Without Cirrhosis With Compensated
Cirrhosis
Ribavirin Eligible Ribavirin Ineligible
TREATMENT NAIVE
Genotype 1a

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks2 OR

• Epclusa for 12wks

 

Alternative:

• Zepatier10 for 12wks

• Harvoni for 12wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks OR

• Mavyret for 8wks

 

Alternative:

• Zepatier10 for 12wks

• Epclusa + ribavirin6 for 12wks OR

• Harvoni + ribavirin4 for 12wks

• Epclusa for 24wks OR Harvoni for 24wks

Genotype 1b

• Zepatier for 12wks5 OR

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks2,7 OR

• Epclusa for 12wks

• Zepatier for 12wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks OR

• Mavyret for 8wks

• Epclusa + ribavirin6 for 12wks OR

• Harvoni + ribavirin4 for 12wks

• Epclusa for 24wks OR Harvoni for 24wks

Genotype 2

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks

• Epclusa for 12wks OR

• Mavyret for 8wks

• Epclusa + ribavirin6 for 12wks

• Epclusa for 24wks

Genotype 3

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks3

 

Alternative:

• Epclusa + ribavirin for 12wks3 OR

• Vosevi for 12wks3

• Epclusa + ribavirin6 for 12wks

• Epclusa for 24wks

Genotype 4

• Zepatier for 12wks OR

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks8 OR

• Epclusa for 12wks

• Epclusa for 12wks OR

• Mavyret for 8wks5 OR

• Zepatier for 12wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks

• Epclusa + ribavirin6 for 12wks OR

• Harvoni + ribavirin4 for 12wks

• Epclusa for 24wks OR

• Harvoni for 24wks

Genotypes 5 or 6

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks9

• Mavyret for 8wks OR

• Epclusa for 12wks OR

• Harvoni for 12wks9

• Epclusa + ribavirin6 for 12wks OR

• Harvoni + ribavirin4 for 12wks

• Epclusa for 24wks OR Harvoni for 24wks

PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
elbasvir/
grazoprevir
Zepatier 50mg/100mg tabs Adults and Children: <12yrs (<30kg): not established. ≥12yrs or ≥30kg: 1 tab once daily.
glecaprevir/
pibrentasvir
Mavyret 100mg/40mg tabs Adults and Children: <3yrs: not established. ≥3yrs (<20kg): 150mg/60mg (pellets) once daily; (20–<30kg): 200mg/80mg (pellets) once daily; (30–<45kg): 250mg/100mg (pellets) once daily; (≥45kg): 300mg/120mg (tabs or pellets) once daily. ≥12yrs: 300mg/120mg (tabs or pellets) once daily.
Mavyret Oral Pellets 50mg/20mg pellets
ledipasvir/
sofosbuvir
Harvoni 45mg/200mg, 90mg/400mg tabs Adults: 90mg/400mg (tabs) once daily.
Children: <3yrs: not established. ≥3yrs (<17kg): 33.75mg/150mg (pellets) once daily; (17–<35kg): 45mg/200mg (tabs or pellets) once daily; (≥35kg): 90mg/400mg (tabs or pellets) once daily.
Harvoni Oral Pellets 33.75mg/150mg, 45mg/200mg pellets
ribavirin 200mg caps, tabs Adults: Take with food in 2 divided doses. ≥18yrs (<75kg): 1g/day; (≥75kg): 1.2g/day. Low initial dose: 600mg; increase as tolerated.
Children: <3yrs: not established. Take with food in 2 divided doses. ≥3yrs (<47kg): 15mg/kg/day; (47–49kg): 600mg/day; (50–65kg): 800mg/day; (66–80kg): 1g/day; (>80kg): 1.2g/day. Low initial dose: 600mg; increase as tolerated.
sofosbuvir Sovaldi 200mg, 400mg tabs Adults: 400mg (tabs) once daily.
Children: <3yrs: not established. ≥3yrs (<17kg): 150mg (pellets) once daily; (17–<35kg): 200mg (tabs or pellets) once daily; (≥35kg): 400mg (tabs or pellets) once daily.
Sovaldi Oral Pellets 150mg, 200mg pellets
sofosbuvir/
velpatasvir
Epclusa 200mg/50mg, 400mg/100mg tabs Adults: 400mg/100mg (tabs) once daily.
Children: <3yrs: not established. ≥3yrs (<17kg): 150mg/37.5mg (pellets) once daily; (17–<30kg): 200mg/50mg (tabs or pellets) once daily; (≥30kg): 400mg/100mg (tabs or pellets) once daily.
Epclusa Oral Pellets 150mg/37.5mg, 200mg/50mg pellets
sofosbuvir/
velpatasvir/
voxilaprevir
Vosevi 400mg/100mg/100mg tabs Adults: 1 tab once daily with food.
Children: Not established.
NOTES

Key: AASLD-IDSA = American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America; HCV = hepatitis C virus; PI = protease inhibitor

 

1 Includes Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class B and class C patients who may or may not be candidates for liver transplantation, including those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Any protease inhibitor-containing regimen (eg, glecaprevir, grazoprevir, paritaprevir, simeprevir, voxilaprevir) and interferon-based regimens are not recommended.

2 An 8-week duration is recommended for treatment-naïve patients without cirrhosis who are HIV uninfected, and whose HCV RNA level is <6 million IU/ml.

3 Baseline NS5A RAS Y93H testing for velpatasvir is recommended. If baseline NS5A RAS Y93H is present, ribavirin should be added to the regimen, or change regimen to Vosevi.

4 Initiate with low-dose ribavirin (600mg) and increase as tolerated to weight-based dosing.

5 Duration of 12 weeks is recommended for HIV/HCV co-infection.

6 With weight-based ribavirin. For patients with CTP class C cirrhosis, initiate with low-dose ribavirin (600mg) and increase as tolerated.

7 Consider an 8-week regimen in patients with genotype 1b and mild fibrosis.

8 Consider an 8-week regimen in patients with favorable baseline characteristics (eg, no cirrhosis, HCV RNA <6 million IU/mL, absence of genotype 4r.

9 Not recommended for genotype 6e if subtype is known.

10 NS5A RAS resistance testing is recommended in genotype 1a patients if considering Zepatier therapy. If baseline RASs are present, use another recommended regimen.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCES

AASLD-IDSA. HCV Guidance: Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C. http://www.hcvguidelines.org. Updated December 19, 2023. Accessed January 10, 2024.

(Rev. 1/2024)

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border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-foot-bot { border-top: none; border-bottom: 4px solid #C0D1DA; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-foot { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-list { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; 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padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-bit-of-space { font-size: 10px!important; line-height: 100% !important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; vertical-align: top!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-right: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; text-indent: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; }

Diabetic Macular Edema Treatments

DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Adult Dose
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) INHIBITORS
brolucizumab-dbll Beovu 6mg/0.05mL soln for intravitreal inj 6mg (0.05mL) every 6wks (approx. 39–45 days) for the 1st 5 doses, followed by 6mg (0.05mL) once every 8–12wks.
ranibizumab Lucentis 6mg/mL (0.3mg), 10mg/mL (0.5mg) soln for intravitreal inj 0.3mg (0.05mL of 6mg/mL) once a month (approx. 28 days)
Cimerli* 6mg/mL (0.3mg), 10mg/mL (0.5mg) soln for intravitreal inj
VEGF INHIBITOR + ANGIOPOIETIN-2 (ANG-2) INHIBITOR
faricimab-svoa Vabysmo 120mg/mL soln for intravitreal inj Regimen 1: 6mg (0.05mL) once every 4wks for at least 4 doses, then may be adjusted by up to 4-week interval increments or reductions of up to 8-week interval increments based on CST and visual acuity evaluations through week 52; or
Regimen 2: 6mg (0.05mL) once every 4wks for the 1st 6 doses, followed by 6mg (0.05mL) every 8wks over the next 28wks.
VEGF INHIBITOR + HUMAN IgG1
aflibercept Eylea 2mg/0.05mL soln for intravitreal inj 2mg (0.05mL) once every 4wks (approx. 28 days, monthly) for the 1st 5 doses, followed by 2mg (0.05mL) once every 8wks (2mos); some may need the monthly dosing after the 1st 5mos
Eylea HD 8mg/0.07mL soln for intravitreal inj 8mg (0.07mL) once every 4wks (approx. every 28 days ± 7 days) for the 1st 3 doses, followed by 8mg (0.07mL) once every 8–16wks (± 1wk)
CORTICOSTEROIDS
dexamethasone Ozurdex 0.7mg intravitreal implant One implant in each affected eye(s)
fluocinolone acetonide Iluvien 0.19mg intravitreal implant One implant in each affected eye(s)
NOTES

* Biosimilar to Lucentis.

† One implant is designed to release fluocinolone at an initial rate of 0.25mcg/day lasting 36mos.

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 9/2023)

]]>
Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration-treatments/ Mon, 03 Oct 2022 21:05:19 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=186236 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-topNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-botNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first-botNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-botNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-last-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-topbotNOrule { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 2px dotted gray; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; }td.wkm-first { border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 2px dotted gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; 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padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm-bit-of-space { font-size: 10px!important; line-height: 100% !important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; vertical-align: top!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-right: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; text-indent: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; }

Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments

NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Adult Dose
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) INHIBITORS
brolucizumab-dbll Beovu 6mg/0.05mL soln for intravitreal inj 6mg (0.05mL) once monthly (approx. 25–31 days) for the 1st 3 doses, followed by 6mg (0.05mL) once every 8–12wks
ranibizumab Lucentis 6mg/mL (0.3mg), 10mg/mL (0.5mg) soln for intravitreal inj 0.5mg (0.05mL of 10mg/mL) once a month (approx. 28 days); or 3 monthly doses followed by less frequent dosing (less effective); or 0.5mg every 3mos after 4 monthly doses (less effective). Monitor regularly.
Byooviz1 10mg/mL (0.5mg) soln for intravitreal inj
Cimerli1 6mg/mL (0.3mg), 10mg/mL (0.5mg) soln for intravitreal inj
Susvimo1,2 100mg/mL soln for intravitreal implant or intravitreal inj 2mg (0.02mL of 100mg/mL) continuously delivered via implant. Refill every 24wks (approx. 6mos). Supplemental treatment: 0.5mg (0.05mL of 10mg/mL) intravitreal inj into the affected eye while implant is in place, as clinically needed.
VEGF INHIBITOR + ANGIOPOIETIN-2 (ANG-2) INHIBITOR
faricimab-svoa Vabysmo 120mg/mL soln for intravitreal inj 6mg (0.05mL) once every 4wks (approx. every 28 ± 7 days, monthly) for the 1st 4 doses, followed by optical coherence tomography and visual acuity evaluations 8 and 12wks later to determine whether to give a 6mg (0.05mL) dose on one of the following 3 regimens: (1) Weeks 28 and 44; (2) Weeks 24, 36 and 48; or (3) Weeks 20, 28, 36 and 44.
VEGF INHIBITOR + HUMAN IgG1
aflibercept Eylea 2mg/0.05mL soln for intravitreal inj 2mg (0.05mL) once every 4wks (approx. 28 days, monthly) for the 1st 12wks (3mos), followed by 2mg (0.05mL) once every 8wks (2mos); some may need the monthly dosing after the 1st 3mos. May also treat with 1 dose every 12wks after one year of successful therapy (not as effective); assess regularly.
Eylea HD 8mg/0.07mL soln for intravitreal inj 8mg (0.07mL) once every 4wks (approx. every 28 days ± 7 days) for the 1st 3 doses, followed by 8mg (0.07mL) once every 8–16wks (± 1wk)
PHOTOSENSITIZER
verteporfin Visudyne3 15mg per vial pwd for IV infusion after reconstitution and dilution Infuse over 10mins at a rate of 3mL/min. Usual dose: 6mg/m2. After infusion, the second step is activation of verteporfin with light from a nonthermal diode laser. Reevaluate every 3mos and if choroidal neovascular leakage is detected on fluorescein angiography, therapy should be repeated.
NOTES

1 Biosimilar to Lucentis.

2 In patients who have previously responded to at least 2 intravitreal injections of a VEGF inhibitor.

3 Consider for wet AMD patients with persistent intraocular fluid leakage, including anti-VEGF nonresponders.

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 9/2023)

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GERD Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/gerd-treatments/ Tue, 16 Aug 2022 14:18:29 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=184196 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 11px!important; 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GERD Treatments

GERD TREATMENTS

The following is a list of pharmacological treatments available for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), erosive esophagitis (EE), and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). Recommendations are based on guidelines published by The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG).

Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
RECOMMENDED THERAPY
Proton Pump Inhibitors1,2,3,4
dexlansoprazole Dexilant 30mg, 60mg caps Adults and Children: <12yrs: not established. ≥12yrs: EE healing: 60mg once daily up to 8wks. Maintenance of EE healing and heartburn relief: 30mg once daily up to 4mos (12−17yrs) or up to 6mos (≥18yrs). Symptomatic NERD: 30mg once daily for 4wks. Hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B): EE healing: 30mg daily up to 8wks; (Child-Pugh C): not recommended.
esomeprazole Nexium 20mg, 40mg caps Adults: Symptomatic GERD: 20mg once daily for 4wks; may repeat for additional 4wks. EE healing: 20mg or 40mg once daily for 4–8wks, may repeat for additional 4–8wks. Maintenance of EE healing: 20mg once daily (up to 6mos in controlled studies). Severe hepatic impairment: max 20mg once daily.
Children: <1mo (EE healing), <1yr (symptomatic GERD): not established. EE healing: 1mo–<1yr (3–5kg): 2.5mg; (>5–7.5kg): 5mg; (>7.5–12kg): 10mg; give once daily up to 6wks7. 1–11yrs (<20kg): 10mg; (≥20kg): 10mg or 20mg; give once daily up to 8wks7. 12–17yrs: 20mg or 40mg once daily for 4–8wks. Symptomatic GERD: 1–11yrs: 10mg once daily up to 8wks7. 12–17yrs: 20mg once daily for 4wks.
2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, 20mg, 40mg granules for oral susp
Nexium I.V. 40mg pwd for IV inj or infusion after reconstitution Adults: Give by IV inj ≥3mins or infuse over 10–30mins. EE healing: 20mg or 40mg once daily for up to 10 days; switch to oral form when feasible. Severe hepatic impairment: max 20mg once daily.
Children: <1mo: not established. EE healing: infuse over 10–30mins; give once daily up to 10 days; switch to oral form when feasible. 1mo–<1yr: 0.5mg/kg. 1–17yrs (<55kg): 10mg; (≥55kg): 20mg.
lansoprazole Prevacid 15mg, 30mg caps Adults: Symptomatic GERD: 15mg once daily up to 8wks. EE healing: 30mg once daily up to 8wks; may repeat for additional 8wks. Maintenance of EE healing: 15mg once daily (up to 12mos in controlled studies). Severe hepatic impairment: 15mg once daily.
Children: <1yr: not established. 1–11yrs: Symptomatic GERD, EE healing: give once daily up to 12wks; (≤30kg): 15mg; (>30kg): 30mg. 12–17yrs: Symptomatic NERD: 15mg once daily up to 8wks. EE healing: 30mg once daily up to 8wks.
Prevacid SoluTab 15mg, 30mg ODT
omeprazole 10mg, 20mg, 40mg caps Adults: Symptomatic GERD: 20mg once daily up to 4wks. EE: 20mg once daily for 4–8wks; may repeat for additional 4wks (may give additional 4–8wks if relapse of EE or GERD symptoms occurs). Maintenance of EE healing: 20mg once daily (up to 12mos in controlled studies); max 10mg once daily in hepatic impairment, Asians.
Children: <1mo (EE), <1yr (symptomatic GERD, maintenance of EE healing): not established. EE: 1mo–<1yr (3–<5kg): 2.5mg; (5–<10kg): 5mg; (≥10kg): 10mg; give once daily up to 6wks. 1–16yrs (5–<10kg): 5mg; (10–<20kg): 10mg; (≥20kg): 20mg; give once daily for 4–8wks; may repeat for additional 4wks (may give additional 4–8wks if relapse of EE or GERD symptoms occurs). Symptomatic GERD, maintenance of EE healing: 1–16yrs (5–<10kg): 5mg; (10–<20kg): 10mg; (≥20kg): 20mg; give once daily up to 4wks (GERD) or up to 12mos in controlled studies (maintenance).
Prilosec 2.5mg, 10mg granules for oral susp
omeprazole/
sodium bicarbonate
Zegerid 20mg/1100mg, 40mg/1100mg caps Adults: Symptomatic GERD: 20mg once daily up to 4wks. EE healing: 20mg once daily for 4–8wks; may repeat for additional 4wks (may give additional 4–8wks if relapse of EE or GERD symptoms occurs). Maintenance of EE healing: 20mg once daily (up to 12mos in controlled studies); avoid use in hepatic impairment, Asians.
Children: Not established.
20mg/1680mg, 40mg/1680mg pwd for oral susp
pantoprazole Protonix 20mg, 40mg tabs Adults: EE healing: 40mg once daily up to 8wks; may repeat for additional 8wks. Maintenance of EE healing: 40mg once daily (up to 12mos in controlled studies).
Children: <5yrs: not recommended. ≥5yrs: EE healing (≥15−<40kg): 20mg; (≥40kg): 40mg; give once daily up to 8wks.
40mg granules for oral susp
Protonix I.V. 40mg pwd for IV infusion after reconstitution Adults: Infuse over 2mins or 15mins. GERD with history of EE: 40mg once daily for 7−10 days; switch to oral form when feasible.
Children: Not established.
rabeprazole Aciphex 20mg tabs Adults: Symptomatic GERD: 20mg once daily up to 4wks; may repeat for additional 4wks. EE healing: 20mg once daily for 4−8wks; may repeat additional 8wks. Maintenance of EE healing: 20mg once daily (up to 12mos in controlled studies). Severe hepatic impairment: avoid; monitor if treatment is necessary.
Children: <12yrs: not recommended. ≥12yrs: Symptomatic GERD: 20mg once daily up to 8wks.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPY
Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists2,4,5
famotidine 20mg, 40mg tabs Adults: Symptomatic NERD: 20mg twice daily up to 6wks. EE healing: 20mg or 40mg twice daily up to 12wks. Renal impairment (CrCl 30–60mL/min): Symptomatic NERD: 20mg once daily; EE healing: 20mg once daily or 40mg every other day6. CrCl <30mL/min: Symptomatic NERD, EE healing: 10mg once daily or 20mg every other day6.
Children: <40kg: use oral susp. GERD: Birth–<3mos: initially 0.5mg/kg/day; may increase to 1mg/kg/day. 3mos–<1yr: initially 0.5mg/kg twice daily; may increase to 1mg/kg twice daily; max 40mg/day. 1–16yrs: 0.5mg/kg twice daily; max 40mg twice daily. Treat for up to 8wks11 (birth–<1yr) or up to 6–12wks (1–16yrs).
40mg/5mL pwd for oral susp
cimetidine8 200mg, 300mg, 400mg, 800mg tabs Adults: EE healing: 800mg twice daily or 400mg 4 times daily for max 12wks. Severe renal impairment: 300mg every 12hrs; may increase to every 8hrs if needed.
Children: <16yrs: not recommended. Doses of 20–40mg/kg/day have been used.
300mg/5mL oral soln
nizatidine 150mg caps Adults: Symptomatic GERD, EE healing: 150mg twice daily for up to 12wks. Renal impairment (CrCl 20–50mL/min): 150mg once daily; (CrCl <20mL/min): 150mg every other day.
Children: <12yrs: not established. ≥12yrs: Symptomatic GERD, EE healing: 150mg twice daily for up to 8wks; max 300mg/day. Renal impairment (CrCl 20–50mL/min): 150mg once daily; (CrCl <20mL/min): 150mg every other day.
15mg/mL oral soln
Antacids9
aluminum hydroxide/ magnesium carbonate Gaviscon Extra Strength 160mg/105mg chew tabs Adults: 2–4 chew tabs or 10–20mL 4 times daily.
Children: Not recommended.
254mg/237.5mg per 5mL oral liq
aluminum hydroxide/ magnesium hydroxide/ simethicone Mylanta Maximum Strength 800mg/800mg/
80mg per 10mL
oral liq Adults and Children: <12yrs: consult physician. ≥12yrs: 10–20mL as needed between or after meals and at bedtime; max 60mL per 24hrs.
bismuth subsalicylate10 Pepto Bismol 262mg caplets, chew tabs Adults and Children: <12yrs: use children’s form. Caplets: take with water; do not chew. ≥12yrs: 2 chew tabs or caplets every 30–60mins as needed; max 16 chew tabs or caplets per 24hrs.
525mg/30mL oral susp Adults and Children: <12yrs: use children’s form. ≥12yrs: 30mL every 30mins as needed; max 240mL per 24hrs.
calcium carbonate 500mg chew tabs Adults and Children: <12yrs: not recommended. ≥12yrs: 2–4 chew tabs as symptoms occur; max 15 chew tabs per 24hrs. Pregnancy: max 10 chew tabs per 24hrs.
Pepto Kids 400mg chew tabs Adults: Use other forms.
Children: <24lbs (<2yrs): not recommended. 24–47lbs (2–5yrs): 1 chew tab as needed; max 3 chew tabs per 24hrs for 2 weeks. 48–95lbs (6–11yrs): 2 chew tabs as needed; max 6 chew tabs per 24hrs.
Tums Extra 750mg chew tabs Adults and Children: <12yrs: not recommended. ≥12yrs: 2–4 chew tabs as symptoms occur; max 10 chew tabs per 24hrs. Pregnancy: max 6 chew tabs per 24hrs.
Tums Ultra 1000mg chew tabs Adults and Children: <12yrs: not recommended. ≥12yrs: 2–3 chew tabs as symptoms occur; max 7 chew tabs per 24hrs. Pregnancy: max 5 chew tabs per 24hrs.
calcium carbonate/ magnesium hydroxide/ simethicone Mylanta Coat & Cool 1200mg/270mg/
80mg per 10mL
oral liq Adults and Children: <12yrs: consult physician. ≥12yrs: 10–20mL as needed between or after meals and at bedtime; max 60mL per 24hrs.
NOTES

Key: CrCl = creatinine clearance; EE = erosive esophagitis; H2RA = histamine 2 receptor antagonists; NERD = nonerosive reflux disease; ODT = orally-disintegrating tabs; PPI = proton pump inhibitor

 

 1 The ACG guidelines recommend that patients with classic and no alarm symptoms should be first treated with an 8-week trial of empiric PPIs once daily, 30−60mins before a meal (twice daily for 8−12wks before additional testing if patient has both extraesophageal and classic symptoms). If no response to therapy, switch only once to another PPI. For refractory GERD, defined as persistent heartburn and/or regurgitation despite 8wks of twice daily PPI (12wks for some), optimization of PPI therapy is recommended as the first step of management. Discontinue PPI if off-therapy reflux testing is negative unless other indication for PPI use exists. Refer to the estimated relative acid-suppression potencies of individual PPIs standardized to omeprazole when switching or optimizing therapy: pantoprazole (0.23), lansoprazole (0.90), omeprazole (1.00), esomeprazole (1.60), and rabeprazole (1.82).

 2 The ACG guidelines recommend an intermittent or as needed PPI therapy for heartburn symptom control in NERD. Step-down therapy to H2RAs is acceptable.

 3 PPIs should be discontinued if symptoms resolve (consider on-demand PPI if symptoms occur) and without EE or Barrett’s esophagus, however, indefinite maintenance PPI therapy is recommended for patients with LA grade C or D esophagitis.

 4 PPIs are recommended over H2RAs for healing EE and maintenance of healing for EE.

 5 The addition of as needed H2RA at bedtime may be beneficial in patients with nocturnal symptoms and those with objective evidence of nocturnal acid reflux on pH monitoring despite PPI treatment.

 6 For the 40mg twice daily regimen for EE healing, reduce to 40mg once daily for CrCl 30–60mL/min or 20mg once daily for CrCl <30mL/min.

 7 Doses over 1mg/kg/day have not been studied in patients 1–11yrs. Doses over 1.33mg/kg/day have not been studied in patients 1mo–<1yr.

 8 Use in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Avoid in nursing mothers or children under 16yrs.

 9 Antacids are recommended to be used exclusively for on-demand symptom relief. First-line therapy in pregnant patients when lifestyle modifications fail.

10 Avoid in patients with allergy to salicylates (including aspirin) or concomitant salicylate products.

11 Consider additional 4wks if benefit outweighs potential risks.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications. Please see drug monographs at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCES

Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jan 1;117(1):27-56. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001538. PMID: 34807007; PMCID: PMC8754510.

(Rev. 3/2024)

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Travel Vaccines

TRAVEL VACCINES

Vaccine recommendations or requirements for international travel are dependent on the country of destination. Travelers must refer to each destination’s embassy or consulate for country-specific travel and entry requirements before departure. Country requirements and CDC recommendations are subject to change at any time. Please consult each vaccine’s drug monograph for more detailed dosing.

Transmission Vaccine Age Number of doses Administration Schedule Recommendations/
Requirements
CHOLERA
Contaminated food and water Vaxchora 2-64yrs 1 dose Give as oral susp ≥10 days before travel. Avoid eating or drinking for 60mins before and after administration. Recommended for travelers in countries with areas of active cholera transmission (eg, parts of Africa and Asia)
HEPATITIS A
Person to person through fecal-oral routes or contaminated food and water Havrix ≥1yr 2 doses Give by IM inj 6−12mos apart for Havrix or 6−18mos apart for Vaqta. Begin vaccination ≥2wks before travel. At least 1 dose should be given before travel. Recommended for travelers to highly endemic areas (eg, Africa, Asia)
Vaqta
Twinrix (HepA and HepB combined) ≥18yrs 3 doses Give by IM inj at day 0, months 1 and 6. Begin vaccination ≥2wks before travel. At least 1 dose should be given before travel.
4 doses Accelerated schedule: give by IM inj at days 0, 7, 21−30, and booster at month 12
HEPATITIS B
Contact with contaminated blood, blood products and body fluids (eg, semen) Heplisav-B ≥18yrs 2 doses Give by IM inj 1 month apart. Begin vaccination ≥1 month before travel. Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers, esp. those traveling to a country with HepB prevalence ≥2% (eg, western Pacific, Africa)
Engerix-B All ages 3 doses Give by IM inj at day 0, months 1 and 6. Begin vaccination ≥6mos before travel.1
4 doses Accelerated schedule: give by IM inj at day 0, months 1 and 2, and a booster at month 12
Recombivax HB All ages 3 doses Give by IM inj at day 0, months 1 and 6. Begin vaccination ≥6mos before travel.1
11−15yrs 2 doses Accelerated schedule: give by IM inj 4−6mos apart
Prehevbrio ≥18yrs 3 doses Give by IM inj at day 0, months 1 and 6. Begin vaccination ≥6mos before travel.
Twinrix (HepA and HepB combined) ≥18yrs 3 doses Give by IM inj at day 0, months 1 and 6. Begin vaccination ≥6mos before travel.1
4 doses Accelerated schedule: give by IM inj at days 0, 7, 21−30, and booster at month 12
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
Mosquito bite Ixiaro ≥2mos 2 doses Give by IM inj 28 days2 apart. Complete series ≥1wk before travel. Booster dose may be given ≥11mos after primary series if risk remains. Recommended for travelers to endemic areas (eg, Asia)3
MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS4
Person to person through oral and respiratory secretions Menveo 2mos 4 doses Give by IM inj at age 2mos, 4mos, 6mos and 12mos. Booster every 5yrs5 if risk remains.

Required when performing Hajj in Saudi Arabia6

• Recommended for travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa7

7−23mos 2 doses Give by IM inj 3mos apart (can be as early as 8wks to precede travel). 2nd dose should be given at age ≥12mos. Booster every 5yrs5 if risk remains.
≥2yrs 1 dose8 Give by IM inj before travel. Booster every 5yrs5 if risk remains.
Menactra 9−23mos 2 doses Give by IM inj 3mos apart (can be as early as 8wks to precede travel). Booster every 5yrs5 if risk remains.
≥2yrs 1 dose8 Give by IM inj before travel. Booster every 5yrs5 if risk remains.
MenQuadfi ≥2yrs 1 dose8 Give by IM inj before travel. Booster every 5yrs5 if risk remains.
POLIO
Person to person through fecal-oral routes IPOL 2mos 4 doses Routine vaccination for infants and children: give by IM or SC inj at age 2mos, 4mos, 6−18mos, and 4−6yrs. Give final dose at age ≥4yrs and ≥6mos after previous dose9 Recommended for long-term travelers (>4wks stay) and residents departing from countries with wild poliovirus (WPV) and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) transmission10 (eg, Afghanistan, Pakistan)
≥18yrs 3 doses Unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or unknown vaccination status: give 2 doses by IM or SC inj 1−2mos apart, then a 3rd dose 6−12mos later9
Completely vaccinated: should receive a one-time booster dose if traveling to high risk areas
≥18yrs (alternative schedule) 3 doses Give if >8wks before travel with doses 4wks apart9
2 doses Give if 4−8wks before travel with doses 4wks apart9
1 dose Give if <4wks before travel9
RABIES
Saliva of infected mammal Imovax All ages 3 doses Give by IM inj at days 0, 7, and 21 or 28 for preexposure prophylaxis. Complete series before travel; do not start series if all 3 doses cannot be completed before travel. Booster dose may be needed to maintain antibody titer if risk remains. May be recommended for certain international travelers11
RabAvert
TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
Tick bite Ticovac ≥1yr 3 doses Give by IM inj at elected date, then 14days–3mos after the 1st dose (1–3mos after for aged 1–15yrs), and 5–12mos after the 2nd dose. Complete series ≥1wk before travel. Booster dose may be given ≥3yrs after primary series if risk remains. Recommended for travelers to Europe and Asia with extensive outdoor exposure to ticks
TYPHOID FEVER
Contaminated food and water Typhim Vi (inactivated) ≥2yrs 1 dose Give by IM inj ≥2wks before travel. Booster every 2yrs if risk remains. Recommended for travelers to South Asia esp. India, Pakistan or Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, Africa
Vivotif (live) ≥6yrs 4 doses Give 1 capsule every other day (Days 1, 3, 5, and 7) for total of 4 doses. Complete series ≥1wk before travel. Booster every 5yrs if risk remains.
YELLOW FEVER
Mosquito bite YF-VAX12 ≥9mos 1 dose Give by SC inj ≥10 days before travel. Booster every 10yrs if risk remains.

Required for all travelers entering certain countries in Africa13

• Recommended for many countries in Africa and South America (eg, Brazil)

NOTES

Key: IM = intramuscular; SC = subcutaneous

 1 Because some protection is provided by 1 or 2 doses, the vaccine series should be initiated, if indicated, even if it cannot be completed before departure. An approved accelerated vaccination schedule can be used for people traveling on short notice who face imminent exposure or for emergency responders to disaster areas.

 2 Adults aged 18–65yrs can receive the 2nd dose as early as 7 days after the 1st dose.

 3 Recommended for persons moving to JE-endemic country to live longer-term (1 month or longer), frequent travelers, and shorter-term travelers with an increased risk based on travel duration, season, location, activities, and accommodations. Consider vaccination for travelers to endemic areas with uncertain travel plans.

 4 Meningitis serogroup B disease is extremely rare in “meningitis belt” countries, therefore, MenB vaccine (Trumenba, Bexsero) is not recommended for travelers.

 5 Children who completed the primary dose or series before 7yrs old should receive a booster dose after 3yrs and repeated every 5yrs thereafter if living or traveling to a hyperendemic area. If received the primary dose or series at ≥7 years of age, a booster dose should be given after 5yrs and every 5yrs thereafter.

 6 Travelers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for Umrah or Hajj must provide evidence of vaccination ≥10 days and no more than 3yrs (polysaccharide vaccine) or 5yrs (conjugate vaccine) before arrival.

 7 Countries in the “meningitis belt” include Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, etc. Travelers to these areas should be vaccinated with MenACWY vaccine before travel esp. during the dry season (December-June).

 8 Travelers with HIV, anatomic or functional asplenia, persistent complement component deficiencies (C3, C5-9, properdin, factor D or H), or on eculizumab therapy should receive 2-dose series 8–12wks apart. Although not indicated for use above age 55yrs, Menveo and Menactra are the recommended vaccines for this age group since Menomune is no longer available in the US.

 9 If the age-appropriate series is not completed before travel, the remaining IPV doses to complete the series should be given when feasible, at the following intervals: for children, 1st dose at age ≥6wks; 2nd and 3rd doses should be ≥4wks after the previous doses; 3rd and 4th doses should be ≥6mos apart. For children completing the accelerated schedule, a dose at age ≥4yrs should still be given, as long as it has been ≥6mos after the previous dose.

10 Long-term travelers and residents may be required to show proof of polio vaccination (International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis) when departing from these countries. Polio vaccine must be received between 4wks and 12mos before the date of departure from the polio-affected country.

11 Travelers visiting areas where rabies is enzootic and immediate access to medical care (eg, biologics) is limited. Preexposure vaccination may be recommended based on the occurrence of rabies in the country of destination, the intended activities of the traveler (eg, veterinarians, research workers, animal control) esp. in remote areas, duration of stay, and the likelihood of repeat travel to at-risk destinations or long-term travel to a high risk destination.

12 Due to the risk of serious adverse events after vaccination, clinicians should only vaccinate those who are at risk of exposure to YF virus or who require proof of vaccination to enter a country. Contraindications to the vaccine include: acute hypersensitivity to egg or chick embryo protein, or any component of the formulation (eg, gelatin), infants <9mos, severe immunosuppression (eg, HIV, leukemia, lymphoma, thymic disease, generalized malignancy, or drug- or radiation-induced immunosuppression), breastfeeding to infants <9mos.

13 A proof of yellow fever vaccination (International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis) is required to enter the following African countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, Uganda; and French Guiana. Some countries require vaccination if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission, including transit >12hrs in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission (eg, South Africa, Australia, Bahamas). For a list of country-specific entry requirements and recommendations, refer to the CDC Yellow Book.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCES

CDC Yellow Book 2020: Health Information for International Travel. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home. Accessed June 6, 2023.

Cholera. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/cholera. Accessed May 4, 2022.

Rabies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/specific_groups/travelers/index.html. Accessed April 13, 2022.

Think Travel Vaccine Guide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/vaccine-guide. Accessed April 1, 2022.

Tick-Borne encephalitis (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/vaccine/index.html. Accessed April 13, 2022.

Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html. Accessed April 13, 2022.

Japanese Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/japaneseencephalitis/index.html. Accessed April 13, 2022.

Yellow Fever. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/index.html. Accessed April 13, 2022.

(Rev. 6/2023

]]>
Daily Dose Thresholds: Anxiolytics https://www.empr.com/charts/daily-dose-thresholds-anxiolytics-2/ Wed, 30 Mar 2022 19:01:26 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=178740 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }@media only screen and (max-width: 480px) { .wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: inline; } }.wkm-straphead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; color: white; text-align: center; background-color: #557A8C; }table.wkm {border: none; border-collapse: collapse; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; 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DAILY DOSE THRESHOLDS: ANXIOLYTICS
Generic Brand Usual Max
Daily Dose*
alprazolam Xanax   4mg
buspirone 60mg
chlordiazepoxide 100mg
clonazepam Klonopin   4mg
clorazepate Tranxene  60mg
diazepam Valium  40mg
lorazepam Ativan   10mg
Loreev XR
oxazepam 120mg
NOTES

* Max daily doses apply to oral formulations only.

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 10/2023)

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Thyroid Disease Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/thyroid-disease-treatments/ Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:32:39 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=176955 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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text-align: left; } Thyroid Disease Treatments
Thyroid Disease Treatments
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
HYPOTHYROIDISM
levothyroxine 100mcg, 200mcg, 500mcg pwd for IV inj after reconstitution Adults: Myxedema coma: individualize. Initially 300–500mcg IV once, then 50–100mcg IV once daily; switch to oral form and dose as soon as feasible. Elderly, underlying CVD: may need lower doses.
Children: Not established.
25mcg, 50mcg, 75mcg, 88mcg, 100mcg, 112mcg, 125mcg, 137mcg, 150mcg, 175mcg, 200mcg, 300mcg tabs Adults: Maintenance: 100–200mcg daily.
Children: <6mos: 8–10mcg/kg/day. 6mos–1yr: 6–8mcg/kg/day. 1–5yrs: 5–6mcg/kg/day. 6–12yrs: 4–5mcg/kg/day.
Levoxyl*† 25mcg, 50mcg (dye-free), 75mcg, 88mcg, 100mcg, 112mcg, 125mcg, 137mcg, 150mcg, 175mcg, 200mcg scored tabs Adults: Primary hypothyroidism: 1.6mcg/kg once daily; titrate in increments of 12.5–25mcg every 4–6wks until euthyroid and serum TSH normalized. Elderly or underlying CVD: initially 12.5–25mcg once daily; titrate every 6–8wks until euthyroid and serum TSH normalized. Usual max 200mcg/day. Severe hypothyroidism: initially 12.5–25mcg once daily; titrate in increments of 12.5–25mcg every 2–4wks until euthyroid and serum TSH normalized. Secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism, pregnancy: see full labeling.
Children: Congenital or acquired hypothyroidism: 0–3mos: 10–15mcg/kg/day; 3–6mos: 8–10mcg/kg/day; 6–12mos: 6–8mcg/kg/day; 1–5yrs: 5–6mcg/kg/day; 6–12yrs: 4–5mcg/kg/day; >12yrs (growth and puberty incomplete): 2–3mcg/kg/day; (growth and puberty complete): 1.6mcg/kg/day. Newborns at risk for cardiac failure: initiate at lower dose; increase dose every 4–6wks as needed. Risk for hyperactivity: initially ¼ full replacement dose; increase by ¼ dose weekly until full dose reached.
Synthroid*† 25mcg, 50mcg (dye-free), 75mcg, 88mcg, 100mcg, 112mcg, 125mcg, 137mcg, 150mcg, 175mcg, 200mcg, 300mcg scored tabs
Thyquidity* 20mcg/mL oral soln
Tirosint-Sol* 13mcg/mL, 25mcg/mL, 37.5mcg/mL, 44mcg/mL, 50mcg/mL, 62.5mcg/mL, 75mcg/mL, 88mcg/mL, 100mcg/mL, 112mcg/mL, 125mcg/mL, 137mcg/mL, 150mcg/mL, 175mcg/mL, 200mcg/mL oral soln
Unithroid*† 25mcg, 50mcg (dye-free), 75mcg, 88mcg, 100mcg, 112mcg, 125mcg, 137mcg, 150mcg, 175mcg, 200mcg, 300mcg scored tabs
liothyronine 10mcg/mL soln for IV inj Adults: Myxedema coma, precoma: initially 25–50mcg; CVD: initially 10–20mcg. Usual range: 65–100mcg daily. Change to oral therapy as soon as possible: start tabs at low dose and increase gradually; discontinue IV gradually. Give with glucocorticoids. Allow 4–12hrs between doses.
Children: Not established.
Cytomel 5mcg, 25mcg, 50mcg tabs Adults: Hypothyroidism: initially 25mcg daily; may increase by up to 25mcg every 1–2wks; usual maintenance 25–75mcg daily. Myxedema, simple goiter: initially 5mcg daily; may increase by 5–10mcg daily every 1–2wks to 25mcg daily, then may increase by 5–25mcg every 1–2wks (myxedema) or by 12.5 or 25mcg daily every 1–2wks (simple goiter). Maintenance: myxedema: 50–100mcg/day; simple goiter: 75mcg/day.
Children: Initially 5mcg daily; may increase by 5mcg daily every 3–4 days. Cretinism: maintenance dose: <1yr: 20mcg/day. 1–3yrs: 50mcg/day. >3yrs: as adult.
thyroid Armour Thyroid 15mg (¼ grain), 30mg (½ grain), 60mg (1 grain), 90mg (1 + ½ grain), 120mg (2 grains), 180mg (3 grains)+, 240mg (4 grains), 300mg (5 grains) tabs Adults: Initially 30mg daily (long-standing myxedema: initially 15mg daily); increase by 15mg every 2–3wks; usual maintenance: 60–120mg daily.
Children: <6mos: 4.8–6mg/kg/day. 6–12mos: 3.6–4.8mg/kg/day; 1–5yrs: 3–3.6mg/kg/day; 6–12yrs: 2.4–3mg/kg/day; ≥12yrs: 1.2–1.8mg/kg/day.
HYPERTHYROIDISM
methimazole 5mg, 10mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 15–60mg daily in 3 divided doses, depending on severity of disease. Maintenance: 5–15mg daily.
Children: Initially 0.4mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses. Maintenance: ½ initial dose.
propylthiouracil 50mg scored tabs Adults: Give in 3 equally divided doses every 8hrs. Initially 300mg/day. Severe conditions: initially 400mg/day; max 900mg/day. Maintenance: 100–150mg/day.
Children: <6yrs: not recommended. Give in 3 equally divided doses every 8hrs. ≥6yrs: initially 50mg/day; may upward titrate based on response, TSH, and free T4 levels.
THYROID EYE DISEASE
teprotumumab-trbw Tepezza 500mg/vial lyophilized pwd for IV infusion after reconstitution Adults: Initially 10mg/kg followed by 20mg/kg every 3wks for 7 additional infusions. Infuse 1st two infusions over 90mins; if tolerated, may reduce subsequent infusions to 60mins.
Children: Not established.
NOTES

Key: + = scored; CVD = cardiovascular disease

* Take in AM on empty stomach, ½ to 1hr before breakfast.

† May crush tabs and mix in 5–10mL water.

Not an inclusive list of medications or dosing details. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 12/2023)

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Female Infertility Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/female-infertility-treatments/ Tue, 04 Jan 2022 15:47:41 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=174936 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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FEMALE INFERTILITY TREATMENTS

Definition: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infertility is a “disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse” in women aged ≤35yrs. Infertility in women aged >35yrs is the inability to become pregnant after 6 months of unprotected intercourse. Both men and women can be infertile; important for both partners to be evaluated. Female infertility accounts for ~33% of infertility cases, which is more common in older women (>35yrs old) due to ovarian aging, gynecological diseases such as endometriosis, hormonal changes, and increased likelihood of spontaneous abortions (miscarriage).

Causes: Underlying causes of female infertility can be characterized as either ovulation disorders or tubal factors.

• Ovulation disorders: primary and secondary amenorrhea, low gonadotropin levels, estrogen deficiency, PCOS, hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea, premature ovarian failure, radiation, chemotherapy, or pelvic surgery.

• Tubal factors: most common is PID, especially when caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhea infection. Others include endometriosis, compression from a mass such as fibroid, adhesions from pelvic surgery, or congenital abnormalities.

Treatments1: Treatments include medications to suppress ovulation (GnRH agonists and antagonists), medications to stimulate follicle growth and maturation (gonadotropins, clomiphene), hCG to trigger ovulation, and progesterone for endometrial support. Many of these treatment options are used in conjunction with ART, such as IVF and IUI, to regulate hormone levels and control ovulation.

ART step-wise approach: Step 1: Prestimulation treatment during cycle preceding ART cycle: oral contraceptives, then GnRH agonist/antagonist. Step 2: Ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. Step 3: Monitor follicular development. Step 4: Final oocyte maturation with hCG administration. Step 5: Oocyte retrieval. Step 6: Sperm collection. Step 7: Embryology lab procedures. Step 8: Embryo transfer. Step 9: Cryopreservation of viable embryos. Step 10: Hormonal support of the endometrium with progesterone. Step 11: Pregnancy test. Step 12: Early pregnancy follow-up.

This chart focuses on treatment options for female infertility. It includes both medications that are FDA-approved and off-label use.

Generic Brand Strength Dosage Form Dose When to Start Notes
Prestimulation Treatment
GnRH Agonists
leuprolide2 1mg/0.2mL SC inj 0.5–1mg SC daily. Dose is halved during ovulation stimulation. 7 days before ovulation stimulation

• Continue until the day of hCG administration.

• Administered with gonadotropins.

nafarelin acetate3 Synarel 200mcg/spray intranasal ART: 400mcg twice daily as 1 spray into each nostril in AM and PM. Endometriosis: 400mcg daily as 1 spray in one nostril in AM and repeat in other nostril in PM. If menstruation continues after 2mos of therapy, increase to 800mcg daily as 1 spray into each nostril in AM and PM. Cycle day 2

• ART: continue until the day of hCG administration.

• Endometriosis: treat for 6mos; retreatment is not recommended.

GnRH Antagonists
cetrorelix3 Cetrotide 0.25mg SC inj 0.25mg SC daily Stimulation day 5 (morning or evening) or 6 (morning)

• Continue until the day of hCG administration.

• Can be self-administered.

ganirelix acetate3 250mcg/0.5mL SC inj 250mcg SC daily Cycle day 7 or 8 (mid to late follicular phase)

• Continue until the day of hCG administration.

• Needle shield contains latex

Ovarian Stimulation
Aromatase Inhibitors
anastrozole2 Arimidex 1mg tabs Initially 1mg daily for 5 days. May increase to 5mg/day for 5 days in subsequent cycles if ovulation does not occur. Max 10mg/day. Cycle day 3 or 5  
letrozole2,3 Femara 2.5mg tabs Initially 2.5mg daily for 5 days. May increase to 5mg/day for 5 days in subsequent cycles if ovulation does not occur. Max 7.5mg/day. Cycle day 3 or 5

• Can be used alone or in combination with gonadotropins to induce ovulation.

Gonadotropins
follitropin-alfa3 (recombinant) Gonal-F RFF 75 IU SC inj ART: initially 150 IU SC daily in early follicular phase; usual max 10 days. ART in women with suppressed endogenous gonadotropin levels: <35yrs: initially 150 IU SC daily; ≥35yrs: initially 225 IU SC daily. All: adjust dose after 5 days based on response, then by up to 75–150 IU every 3–5 days; max 450 IU/day. Induction of ovulation: initially 75 IU SC daily for 14 days in the first cycle; then determine subsequent doses based on response; if indicated, may increase after the initial 14 days, then every 7 days in increments of up to 37.5 IU; usual max 300 IU/day for up to 35 days. Cycle day 2 or 3 for ART

• Continue treatment until pre-ovulatory conditions are reached or adequate follicular development is evident, then administer hCG to induce final follicular maturation.

Gonal-F RFF Pen 300 IU, 450 IU, 900 IU SC inj
follitropin-beta3 (recombinant) Follistim-AQ 300 IU, 600 IU, 900 IU SC inj Anovulatory women undergoing ovulation induction: initially 50 IU SC daily for at least first 7 days; may increase by 25–50 IU at weekly intervals based on response. Max 250 IU/day. Normal ovulatory women undergoing IVF or ICSI cycle: initially 200 IU SC daily for at least first 7 days of treatment, then adjust based on response. Max 500 IU/day. Cycle day 2 or 3 for ART

• Continue treatment until pre-ovulatory conditions are reached or adequate follicular development is evident, then administer 5,000-10,000 IU hCG to induce final oocyte maturation and ovulation.

menotropins (FSH, LH)3 Menopur 75 IU FSH/75 IU LH SC inj Initially 225 IU SC daily for 5 days. Adjust dose based on response in increments of up to 150 IU at intervals of at least 2 days; max 450 IU daily; usual max 20 days. Cycle day 2 or 3

• Continue treatment until adequate follicular development is evident, then administer hCG to induce final follicular maturation.

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
clomiphene citrate3 50mg tabs 50mg daily for 5 days; max 3 courses. If ovulation does not occur, may increase dose to 100mg daily during the 2nd course of therapy. Max 100mg/day for 5 days. On or about cycle day 5

• Not recommended for >6 cycles.

• Ovulation most often occurs 5-10 days
after treatment.

Final Oocyte Maturation
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
chorionic gonadotropin (u-hCG)3 5000Units/10mL, 10000Units/10mL IM inj Ovulation induction: 5,000–10,000 Units IM once. 1 day after the last dose of gonadotropins

• Avoid pregnancy test <10 days after
hCG inj as it can yield false positive result.

choriogonadotropin alfa (r-hCG)3 Ovidrel 250mcg/0.5mL SC inj ART or ovulation induction: 250mcg SC once. 1 day after the last dose of follicle stimulating agent

• May be self-administered by the patient.

• Avoid pregnancy test <10 days after hCG inj as it can yield false positive result.

Endometrial Support
Progesterones
progesterone 50mg/mL IM inj ART: 50–100mg IM once daily2. Secondary amenorrhea: 5–10mg IM daily for 6–8 days. The day after oocyte retrieval in women undergoing ART

• May be used to maintain pregnancy.

• Contains sesame oil; contraindicated in patients with sesame oil/seed allergy.

Crinone 4% (45mg), 8% (90mg) vaginal gel ART (supplementation): 1 applicatorful of 90mg (8%) intravaginally once daily; (replacement for ovarian failure): 1 applicatorful of 90mg (8%) intravaginally twice daily. Secondary amenorrhea: 1 applicatorful of 45mg (4%) intravaginally every other day, up to 6 doses total. If failure occurs, may try 90mg (8%) every other day up to 6 doses total. The day after oocyte retrieval in women undergoing ART

• May be used to maintain pregnancy.

• If pregnancy occurs, treatment may be continued until placental autonomy is achieved, up to 10-12wks.

• Should not be used concurrently with
other local intravaginal therapy.

Endometrin 100mg vaginal insert ART: 100mg intravaginally 2–3 times daily for up to 10wks. The day after oocyte retrieval in women undergoing ART

• May be used to maintain pregnancy.

• Not recommended for use with other vaginal products.

Prometrium 100mg, 200mg caps Secondary amenorrhea: 400mg daily at bedtime for 10 days. The day after oocyte retrieval in women undergoing ART

• Contains peanut oil; contraindicated in patients with peanut allergy.

• Food increases oral bioavailability.

NOTES

Key: ART = assisted reproductive technology; FSH = follicle stimulating hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin; IM = intramuscular; IU = international units; IUI = intrauterine insemination; IVF = in vitro fertilization; LH = luteinizing hormone; PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome; PID = pelvic inflammatory disease; SC = subcutaneous.

1 To be used with timed intercourse or ART.

2 Not FDA-approved but has been successfully used in IVF for years (off-label use).

3 Patient must not be pregnant at start of treatment.

Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCES

Ordonez ND. Infertility. In: O’Connell M, Smith JA. eds. Women’s Health Across the Lifespan, 2e. McGraw Hill; 2019.

World Health Organization. Sexual and reproductive health. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/en/. Accessed November 2, 2021.

A Patient’s Guide to Assisted Reproductive Technology. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. https://www.sart.org/patients/a-patients-guide-to-assisted-reproductive-technology. Accessed November 3, 2021.

(Rev. 7/2023)

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margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px!important; }p.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left; vertical-align: top!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-right: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; text-indent: 0!important; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120% ; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } Atopic Dermatitis Management
ATOPIC DERMATITIS MANAGEMENT
Therapy   Strength Dosage form Dosing/frequency Recommendations
NONPHARMACOLOGIC
Topical moisturizers Emollients (glycol and glyceryl stearate, soy sterols) crm, oint, gel, lotion, oil Liberal and frequent reapplication. Apply soon after bathing to improve skin hydration.

• Mild AD: main primary treatment.

• Moderate to severe AD: incorporated into regimen.

Occlusives (petrolatum, dimethicone, mineral oil)
Humectants (glycerol, lactic acid, urea)
Prescription emollient devices Palmitoylethanolamide-, glycyrrhetinic acid-, or other hydrolipid-containing preparations crm 2–3 times daily.

• Adjunct to treatment and maintenance.

• More costly than topical moisturizers but not superior.

Bathing Water Once daily for 5–10mins (warm water). Apply moisturizer immediately after bathing. Severely inflamed skin: up to 20mins; apply topical anti-inflammatory therapies (TCS) immediately after without towel drying.

• Use of nonsoap-based surfactants and synthetic detergents (syndets) are often recommended.

• Limit use of neutral-to-low pH, hypoallergenic, and fragrance-free nonsoap cleansers.

• Limited data on the addition of oils, emollients, and other related additives to bath water, and the use of acidic spring water (balneo-therapy) and water-softening devices; not recommended.

Wet-wrap therapy Topical agent covered by wetted first layer (tubular bandage, gauze, cotton suit) and dry second layer Up to 24hrs at a time for up to 2wks.

• For significant flares and/or recalcitrant disease.

• Use with or without TCS for moderate to severe AD (caution with medium to higher potency TCS).1

Phototherapy UVB Narrowband (309–312nm) Administer to affected areas 2–5 times weekly

• Last-line therapy for non-immunocompromised patients with topical treatment failure.

PHARMACOLOGIC2
Topical Corticosteroids3
Very high potency augmented betamethasone dipropionate (oint) 0.05% crm, oint, lotion, foam, soln, gel Treatment: apply twice daily until lesions improve, for up to 2–4wks at a time; for high potency TCS, may apply once daily. Use 0.5g for an area of 2 adult palms. Maintenance: apply 1–2 times weekly for frequent, repeated flares at same site.

• First-line pharmacologic therapy for mild to moderate AD if uncontrolled by moisturizers or irritant avoidance.

• Use concomitantly with moisturizers.

• Use least potent TCS that is effective.

• Lower potency TCS should be used on the face and skin folds and medium to high potency TCS on the body.

• Monitor cutaneous side-effects during long-term, potent steroid use. Routine monitoring of systemic effects is not recommended.

clobetasol propionate 0.05%
diflorasone diacetate (oint) 0.05%
halobetasol propionate 0.05%
High potency amcinonide 0.1%
augmented betamethasone dipropionate (crm) 0.05%
betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%
desoximetasone 0.25%
desoximetasone (gel) 0.05%
diflorasone diacetate (crm) 0.05%
fluocinonide 0.05%
halcinonide 0.1%
mometasone furoate (oint) 0.1%
triamcinolone acetonide 0.5%
Medium potency betamethasone valerate 0.1%
clocortolone pivalate 0.1%
desoximetasone (crm) 0.05%
fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%
flurandrenolide 0.05%
fluticasone propionate 0.05%, 0.005%
mometasone furoate (crm) 0.1%
triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%
Lower-medium potency hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%
hydrocortisone probutate 0.1%
hydrocortisone valerate 0.2%
prednicarbate 0.1%
Low potency alclometasone dipropionate 0.05%
desonide 0.05%
fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%
Lowest potency hydrocortisone acetate 0.5–1%
hydrocortisone base 0.25–1%
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor
crisaborole Eucrisa 2% oint Mild to moderate: ≥3mos: apply a thin layer to affected areas twice daily; may consider reducing to once daily after clinical effect is achieved.

• First-line treatment

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
tacrolimus Protopic 0.03%, 0.1% oint Moderate to severe: ≥2yrs4: apply a thin layer to affected areas twice daily. 2–15yrs: use 0.03% strength. ≥16yrs: use 0.03% or 0.1% strength. May use 2–3 times weekly as maintenance therapy to prevent recurrent flares.

• Second-line therapy for short-term and non-continuous chronic treatment of AD in non-immunocompromised patients with inadequate response to topical prescription therapies or when they are not advisable.

• Preferred for sensitive areas (eg, face, skin folds).

• Not recommended during active infections of lesions.

• May be combined with TCS sequentially or concomitantly.

• Long term safety has not been established due to association with skin malignancies and lymphoma; avoid continuous long-term use in any age group.

pimecrolimus Elidel 1% crm Mild to moderate: ≥2yrs4: apply a thin layer to affected areas twice daily. May use 2–3 times weekly as maintenance therapy to prevent recurrent flares.
Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha Antagonist
dupilumab Dupixent 100mg/0.67mL, 200mg/1.14mL, 300mg/2mL SC inj Moderate to severe: 6mos–5yrs (5–<15kg): 200mg every 4wks; (15–<30kg): 300mg every 4wks. 6–17yrs (15–<30kg): initially 600mg (two 300mg inj at different sites) followed by 300mg every 4wks; (30–<60kg): initially 400mg (two 200mg inj at different sites) followed by 200mg every other week; (≥60kg): initially 600mg followed by 300mg every other week. ≥18yrs: initially 600mg followed by 300mg every other week.

• Reserved for patients with inadequate response to topical prescription therapies or when they are not advisable.

• May use with or without TCS.

• Topical calcineurin inhibitors may also be used, but should be reserved only for problem areas (eg, face, neck, intertriginous and genital areas).

tralokinumab-ldrm Adbry 150mg/mL SC inj Moderate to severe: ≥18yrs: initially 600mg (four 150mg inj), followed by 300mg (two 150mg inj) every other week. After 16wks, may consider 300mg every 4wks for patients weighing <100kg who achieve clear or almost clear skin.
Janus Kinase Inhibitor5
abrocitinib Cibinqo 50mg, 100mg, 200mg tabs Moderate to severe: ≥12yrs:100mg once daily; may increase to max 200mg once daily if inadequate response after 12wks.

• Reserved for refractory patients with inadequate response to other systemic therapies, including biologics, or when they are not advisable.

• May use with or without TCS.

• Not recommended for use with biologics, other JAK inhibitors, or potent immunosuppressants (eg, azathioprine, cyclosporine).

ruxolitinib Opzelura 1.5% crm Mild to moderate: ≥12yrs: apply a thin layer to the affected areas (up to 20% BSA) twice daily; max 60g per week or 100g per 2wks. Reevaluate if no improvement within 8wks.

• For short-term and non-continuous chronic treatment of AD in non-immunocompromised patients with inadequate response to topical prescription therapies or when they are not advisable.

• Not recommended during active infections, and for use with biologics, other JAK inhibitors, or potent immunosuppressants (eg, azathioprine, cyclosporine).

upadacitinib Rinvoq 15mg, 30mg, 45mg ext-rel tabs Moderate to severe: ≥12yrs (≥40kg): initially 15mg once daily; if inadequate response, consider increasing to 30mg once daily. Elderly (≥65yrs), severe renal impairment (CrCl <30mL/min), or concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: 15mg once daily.

• Reserved for refractory patients with inadequate response to other systemic therapies, including biologics, or when they are not advisable.

• Not recommended for use with biologics, other JAK inhibitors, or potent immunosuppressants (eg, azathioprine, cyclosporine).

NOTES

Key: AD = atopic dermatitis; BSA = body surface area; crm = cream; JAK = Janus kinase; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; oint = ointment; soln = solution; UVB = ultraviolet B; TCS = topical corticosteroid

 

1 Increased absorption of mid- to higher-potency TCS applied under the wraps may cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression.

2 Systemic immunosuppressants (eg, methotrexate, mycophenylate mofetil, azathioprine) have been recommended for severe AD in patients with topical treatment failure.

3 See Topical Steroid Potencies chart for more drug information.

4 For children aged <2yrs with mild to severe disease, off-label use of tacrolimus 0.03% or pimecrolimus 1% can be recommended.

5 Increased risk of serious infections, all-cause mortality, malignancies, MACE, and thrombosis in patients treated with JAK inhibitors for inflammatory conditions.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCES

Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Berger TG, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis. American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published: May 07, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.023

 

Fleming P, Yang YB, Lynde C, O’Neill B, Lee KO. Diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis for primary care providers. J Am Board Fam Med. 2020; 33 (4); 626-635.

 

(Rev. 6/2023)

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Influenza Antiviral Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/influenza-antiviral-treatments/ Thu, 26 Aug 2021 21:12:46 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=169027 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnTablet { display: inline; }@media only screen and (min-width: 600) { .wkm-SeeOnTablet { display: none; } }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-weight: bold!important; font-size: 12px!important; font-style: normal!important; background-color: #D3DFE5!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: bottom!important; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif!important; font-size: 11px!important; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%!important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8; margin-top: 0; 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font-size: 11px!important; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%!important; line-height: 120%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-bottom: 0px; }.wkm-brand { font-weight: bold; }.wkm-company { font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; }.wkm-spannernotehead {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 120%; border: none; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; background-color: #7091A1; color: white; text-align: left; } Influenza Antiviral Treatments
INFLUENZA ANTIVIRAL TREATMENTS

• Empiric antiviral treatment is recommended as soon as possible for the following patients with suspected or confirmed influenza:

— hospitalized

— has severe, complicated, or progressive illness

— at high risk for influenza complications1

• Clinicians can consider early empiric antiviral treatment in non-high-risk outpatients with suspected influenza (eg, fever with either cough or sore throat) based upon clinical judgment if treatment can be initiated within 48hrs of illness onset.

• There are currently six FDA-approved influenza antiviral treatments in the US. Two of these, amantadine and rimantadine, are not recommended for use in the US during the 2022-2023 influenza season.

Generic Brand Strength Form Treatment Dose Prophylaxis Dose
NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS
oseltamivir2 Tamiflu 30mg, 45mg, 75mg caps Adults: ≥13yrs: 75mg twice daily. Renal impairment (CrCl 31–60mL/min): 30mg twice daily; (CrCl 11–30mL/min): 30mg once daily; ESRD (≤10mL/min): see full labeling.
Children: <2wks: not established. ≥2wks to <1yr: 3mg/kg twice daily. 1–12yrs: (≤15kg): 30mg twice daily; (15.1–23kg): 45mg twice daily; (23.1–40kg): 60mg twice daily; (≥40.1kg): 75mg twice daily.
Duration: 5 days
Adults: ≥13yrs: 75mg once daily. Renal impairment (CrCl 31–60mL/min): 30mg once daily; (CrCl 11–30mL/min): 30mg every other day; ESRD (≤10mL/min): see full labeling.
Children: <1yr: not established. 1–12yrs: (≤15kg): 30mg once daily; (15.1–23kg): 45mg once daily; (23.1–40kg): 60mg once daily; (≥40.1kg): 75mg once daily.
Duration: 10 days; during community outbreak: continue up to 6wks (or up to 12wks in immunocompromised)
6mg/mL pwd for oral susp
peramivir3 Rapivab 10mg/mL soln for IV infusion Adults: Infuse over 15–30mins. ≥13yrs: 600mg once. Renal impairment (CrCl 30–49mL/min): 200mg once; (CrCl 10–29mL/min): 100mg once; (on hemodialysis): give after dialysis.
Children: <6mos: not established. Infuse over 15–30mins. 6mos–12yrs: 12mg/kg once; max 600mg. Renal impairment: 6mos–<2yrs (CrCl <50mL/min): no data; 2–12yrs (CrCl 30–49mL/min): 4mg/kg once; (CrCl 10–29mL/min): 2mg/kg once; (on hemodialysis): give after dialysis.
Duration: 1 day
Not recommended
zanamivir4 Relenza 5mg/blister dry pwd for oral inh Adults and Children: <7yrs: not established. ≥7yrs: 2 inh (10mg) twice daily ≥2hrs apart on Day 1; then 2 inh twice daily approx. 12hrs apart for the next 4 days.
Duration: 5 days
Adults and Children: <5yrs: not established. ≥5yrs: 2 inh (10mg) once daily.
Duration: Household: 10 days. Community: 28 days
POLYMERASE ACIDIC ENDONUCLEASE INHIBITOR
baloxavir marboxil5 Xofluza 40mg, 80mg tabs Adults and Children: <5yrs, <12yrs (high risk of developing influenza-related complications): not established. ≥5yrs: (20–<80kg): 40mg once; (≥80kg): 80mg once.
Duration: 1 day
Adults and Children: <5yrs: not established. ≥5yrs: (20–<80kg): 40mg once; (≥80kg): 80mg once.
Duration: 1 day
NOTES
1 Influenza complications can include pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, myocarditis/pericarditis, encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, myositis, multi-organ failure, sepsis, exacerbation of chronic medical conditions (eg, CHF, COPD, asthma), etc.
2 Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients aged ≥2wks who have been symptomatic for ≤48hrs. Prophylaxis in patients aged ≥1yr.
3 Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients aged ≥6mos who have been symptomatic for ≤48hrs. Not recommended for prophylaxis.
4 Treatment of uncomplicated acute influenza in patients aged ≥7yrs who have been symptomatic for ≤48hrs. Prophylaxis in patients aged ≥5yrs. Not recommended in underlying airway disease (eg, asthma, COPD) due to risk of serious bronchospasm.
5 Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients who have been symptomatic for ≤48hrs in patients aged ≥5yrs who are otherwise healthy, or aged ≥12yrs who are at high risk of developing influenza-related complications. Post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in patients aged ≥5yrs following contact with an individual who has influenza.
REFERENCE

Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm. Accessed January 18, 2023.

(Rev. 1/2023)

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Congestive Heart Failure Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/congestive-heart-failure-treatments/ Thu, 12 Aug 2021 17:03:19 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=168135 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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Congestive Heart Failure Treatments

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS
captopril1 12.5mg, 25mg, 50mg, 100mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 25mg 3 times daily 1hr before meals (generally with diuretic and digitalis regimen); increase to 50mg 3 times daily if needed. After 2wks, may increase; max 450mg/day. Salt/volume depleted, or SBP <100mmHg: initially 6.25mg or 12.5mg 3 times daily. Titrate to usual dose after several days.
Children: Not established.
enalapril1 Epaned 150mg/150mL pwd for oral soln Adults: Initially 2.5mg twice daily; may titrate up to max 20mg twice daily. Hyponatremia or serum creatinine >1.6mg/dL: initially 2.5mg once daily.
Children: Not established.
1mg/mL oral soln
Vasotec 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, 20mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 2.5mg 1–2 times daily. May increase to 5–20mg daily in 1–2 divided doses; max 40mg/day. Reduce diuretic dose before 1st dose, if possible; observe patient for ≥2hrs after 1st dose, until BP has stabilized for ≥1hr.
Children: Not established.
fosinopril1 10mg+, 20mg, 40mg tabs Adults: Initially 10mg once daily. Maintenance: 20–40mg once daily. Moderate to severe renal failure or volume depleted: initially 5mg once daily.
Children: Not established.
lisinopril1 5mg, 10mg, 20mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 5mg once daily; max 40mg/day as tolerated. Hyponatremia, CrCl ≤30mL/min, hemodialysis: initially 2.5mg once daily; monitor closely. Reduce diuretic dose before 1st dose, if possible, and observe until BP is stabilized.
Children: Not established.
Qbrelis 1mg/mL oral soln
Zestril 2.5mg, 5mg+, 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg tabs
quinapril1 5mg+, 10mg, 20mg, 40mg tabs Adults: Initially 5mg twice daily; increase weekly to 20–40mg daily in 2 equally divided doses if tolerated. Hyponatremia, renal impairment: initially 2.5–5mg once daily based on CrCl (see full labeling), if needed titrate dose under supervision.
Children: Not established.
ramipril2 Altace 1.25mg, 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg hard gel caps Adults: Initially 2.5mg twice daily; if hypotension occurs may reduce to 1.25mg twice daily. Adjust at 3wk intervals. Usual maintenance: 5mg twice daily. CrCl <40mL/min: initially 1.25mg once daily; may increase up to max 2.5mg twice daily. Volume depletion, renal artery stenosis: initially 1.25mg once daily; adjust according to BP response.
Children: Not established.
trandolapril2 1mg+, 2mg, 4mg tabs Adults: Initially 1mg once daily; titrate to 4mg once daily as tolerated. CrCl <30mL/min, hepatic cirrhosis: initially 0.5mg once daily.
Children: Not established.
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
candesartan Atacand 4mg, 8mg, 16mg, 32mg scored tabs ≥18yrs: Initially 4mg once daily; double daily dose at 2wk intervals as tolerated to target 32mg once daily. Salt/volume depleted, moderate hepatic impairment: consider lower initial dose.
<18yrs: Not recommended.
valsartan Diovan 40mg+, 80mg, 160mg, 320mg tabs Adults: Initially 40mg twice daily, increase to 80mg twice daily, then to 160mg twice daily as tolerated.
Children: Not recommended.
BETA-BLOCKERS
carvedilol Coreg 3.125mg, 6.25mg, 12.5mg, 25mg tabs ≥18yrs: Initially 3.125mg twice daily with food for 2wks; may double dose every 2wks if tolerated; mild to moderate heart failure (>85kg): usual max 50mg twice daily. Reduce dose if pulse <55.
<18yrs: Not recommended.
Coreg CR 10mg, 20mg, 40mg, 80mg ext-rel caps ≥18yrs: Initially 10mg once daily with food in the AM for 2wks; may double dose every 2wks if tolerated; max 80mg once daily. Reduce dose if pulse <55. Switching from IR carvedilol: see full labeling. ≥65yrs: switching from highest dose of IR carvedilol (25mg twice daily) to Coreg CR: initially Coreg CR 40mg; if tolerated for ≥2wks, may increase to 80mg.
<18yrs: Not recommended.
metoprolol succinate Toprol XL 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 200mg scored ext-rel tabs Adults: Initially 25mg once daily. Toprol XL (more severe HF): initially 12.5mg once daily. May double dose as tolerated every 2wks; max 200mg/day. Reduce dose if symptomatic bradycardia occurs.
Children: Not established.
Kapspargo Sprinkle 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 200mg ext-rel caps
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE
digoxin 0.05mg/mL oral soln Adults and Children: Individualize (see full labeling). Reduce dose in premature and immature infants. Children usually need proportionally larger doses (based on body weight or surface area) than adults. Use divided doses for children <10yrs. Re-titrate when changing formulation (especially oral tabs to or from other dose forms).
Lanoxin 0.0625mg, 0.125mg+, 0.25mg+ tabs
0.1mg/mL, 0.25mg/mL soln for inj
DIURETICS
Loop
bumetanide 0.5mg, 1mg, 2mg scored tabs ≥18yrs: 0.5–2mg daily; max 10mg/day. Intermittent dosing optimal.
<18yrs: Not established.
0.25mg/mL soln for inj ≥18yrs: Initially 0.5–1mg IM or IV. May give 1–2 more doses at 2–3hr intervals; max 10mg/day.
<18yrs: Not established.
ethacrynic acid Edecrin 25mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 50–100mg daily; adjust in 25–50mg increments. Usual maintenance: 50–200mg daily or intermittently.
Children: Initially 25mg; adjust gradually in 25mg increments (see full labeling). Infants: Contraindicated.
furosemide 10mg/mL, 40mg/5mL oral soln Adults: Initially 20–80mg daily. May repeat or increase after 6–8hrs; max 600mg/day. Maintenance: intermittent dosing optimal.
Children: Initially 2mg/kg; increase if needed by 1–2mg/kg after 6–8hrs; max 6mg/kg/day. Maintenance: lowest effective dose.
10 mg/mL soln for inj Adults: Initially 20–40mg IM or IV 1–2 times daily. May repeat or increase by 20mg after 2hrs until desired response.
Children: Initially 1mg/kg IM or IV; may increase by 1mg/kg after 2hrs until desired response; max 6mg/kg. Premature infants: max 1mg/kg/day.
Furoscix 80mg/10mL soln for SC infusion Adults: Using On-body Infusor to deliver 30mg over first hour followed by 12.5mg/hr for the subsequent 4hrs. Replace with oral diuretics as soon as practical.
Children: Not established.
Lasix 20mg, 40mg+, 80mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 20–80mg daily. May repeat or increase after 6–8hrs; max 600mg/day. Maintenance: intermittent dosing optimal.
Children: Initially 2mg/kg; increase if needed by 1–2mg/kg after 6–8hrs; max 6mg/kg/day. Maintenance: lowest effective dose.
torsemide 5mg, 10mg, 20mg, 100mg scored tabs Adults: 10–20mg once daily, if needed titrate upwards by doubling dose until desired response; max 200mg daily.
Children: Not established.
Soaanz 20mg, 40mg, 60mg tabs Adults: Initially 20mg orally once daily. If inadequate, titrate upwards by doubling dose until desired response; max: 200mg/day.
Children: Not established.
Potassium-sparing
amiloride 5mg tabs Adults: Initially 5mg/day with kaliuretic and food; 5–10mg usually adequate. If hypokalemia persists; may increase to 15mg/day and then 20mg/day with careful electrolyte monitoring. After initial diuresis; reassess therapy; may be given intermittently for maintenance.
Children: Not established.
eplerenone Inspra 25mg, 50mg tabs Adults: Initially 25mg once daily, titrate within 4wks to 50mg once daily. Adjust based on serum K+ (see full labeling). Concomitant moderate CYP3A inhibitors3: max 25mg daily.
Children: Not established.
spironolactone Aldactone 25mg, 50mg+, 100mg+ tabs Adults: Serum K+ ≤5mEq/L and eGFR >50mL/min/1.73m2: initially 25mg once daily; may increase to 50mg once daily as tolerated, or decrease to 25mg every other day if hyperkalemia develops. eGFR 30–50mL/min/1.73m2: consider initiating at 25mg every other day.
Children: Not established.
Carospir 25mg/5mL oral susp Adults: Serum K+ ≤5mEq/L and eGFR >50 mL/min/1.73m2: initially 20mg (4mL) once daily; may increase to 37.5mg (7.5mL) once daily as tolerated. May decrease to 20mg (4mL) every other day if hyperkalemia develops. If eGFR 30–50 mL/min/1.73m2: consider initiating at 10mg (2mL). If dose >100mg required, use another formulation.
Children: Not established.
triamterene Dyrenium 50mg, 100mg caps Adults: Initially 100mg twice daily after meals; max 300mg/day.
Children: Not recommended.
Potassium-sparing + Thiazide
amiloride/ hydrochloro
thiazide
4
5mg/50mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 1 tab daily with food. May increase to 2 tabs daily in single or divided doses. After initial diuresis, reassess therapy; may be given intermittently for maintenance.
Children: Not established.
spironolactone/ hydrochloro
thiazide4
Aldactazide 25mg/25mg, 50mg/50mg+ tabs Adults: Usual maintenance: 100mg each of spironolactone and HCTZ daily in single or divided doses. Range: 25–200mg of each component daily based on response to initial titration.
Children: Not established.
triamterene/ hydrochloro
thiazide
4
37.5mg/25mg caps Adults: 1–2 caps once daily.
Children: Not established.
Maxzide-25mg 37.5mg/25mg scored tabs Adults: Initially one Maxzide-25mg tab daily. Usual dosage: 1–2 Maxzide-25mg tabs or one Maxzide tab once daily. As a substitute for triamterene 50-100mg/day and hydrochlorothiazide 25–50mg/day in less bioavailable form, give one Maxzide-25mg tab/day.
Children: Not established.
Maxzide 75mg/50mg scored tabs
Thiazide
chlorothiazide Diuril 500mg/vial pwd for IV inj Adults: 0.5–1g IV once or twice daily.
Children: Not recommended.
chlorthalidone 25mg, 50mg tabs Adults: Initially 50–100mg daily or 100mg on alternate days. Some may require 150–200mg at these intervals or up to 200mg daily. Maintenance: doses often lower than initial doses; individualize.
Children: Not established.
hydrochloro
thiazide
12.5mg, 25mg+, 50mg+ tabs Adults: 25–100mg daily in single or divided doses; may give on intermittent schedule (every other day or 3–5 days/wk).
Children: <6mos: up to 3mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. ≥6mos: 1–2mg/kg/day in 1–2 divided doses. Max (<2yrs): 37.5mg/day; (2–12yrs): 100mg/day.
indapamide 1.25mg, 2.5mg tabs Adults: Initially 2.5mg once daily in the AM. After 1wk, may increase to 5mg daily.
Children: Not established.
metolazone 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg tabs Adults: Individualize. 5–20mg once daily.
Children: Not established.
HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED (HCN) CHANNEL BLOCKER
ivabradine Corlanor 5mg+, 7.5mg tabs ≥18yrs: Initially 5mg twice daily with food. Adjust dose after 2wks to achieve resting heart rate 50–60bpm (see full labeling); then adjust dose as needed based on resting heart rate and tolerability. Max 7.5mg twice daily. History of conduction defects or if bradycardia can lead to hemodynamic compromise: initially 2.5mg twice day.
Children: <6mos: not established. Take with food. ≥6mos: <40kg (use oral soln): initially 0.05mg/kg twice daily. Adjust dose at 2wk intervals by 0.05mg/kg to achieve target heart rate reduction of ≥20%, based on tolerability. Max: 6mos–<1yr: 0.2mg/kg twice daily; ≥1yr: 0.3mg/kg twice daily, up to total of 7.5mg twice daily. ≥40kg (use tabs or oral soln): initially 2.5mg twice daily. Adjust dose at 2wk intervals by 2.5mg to achieve target heart rate reduction of ≥20%, based on tolerability. Max: 7.5mg twice daily. If bradycardia develops, reduce dose to the previous titration step. If bradycardia develops at the initial dose, consider reducing to 0.02mg/kg twice daily.
1mg/mL oral soln
NEPRILYSIN INHIBITOR + ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER
sacubitril/ valsartan Entresto 24mg/26mg, 49mg/51mg, 97mg/103mg tabs Adults: Initially 49mg/51mg twice daily; double dose after 2-4wks to target maintenance dose of 97mg/103mg twice daily as tolerated. Not currently on ACEI/ARB, previously on low doses of ACEI/ARB, severe renal impairment (eGFR <30mL/min/1.73m2) or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B): initially 24mg/26mg twice daily; double dose every 2-4wks to target maintenance dose of 97mg/103mg twice daily as tolerated. If switching from or to an ACEI: allow 36hr wash-out period between taking the two drugs.
Children: <1yr: not established. ≥1yr: administer twice daily; adjust dose every 2wks as tolerated. <40kg (use oral susp): initially 1.6mg/kg, titrate to 2.3mg/kg, then to target dose of 3.1mg/kg; ≥40–<50kg: initially 24mg/26mg, titrate to 49mg/51mg, then to target dose of 72mg/78mg; ≥50kg: initially 49mg/51mg, titrate to 72mg/78mg, then to target dose of 97mg/103mg. Not currently on ACEI/ARB, previously on low doses of ACEI/ARB, severe renal impairment (eGFR <30mL/min/1.73m2), or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B): initiate at half the usual dose (for 40–50kg: initially 0.8mg/kg with oral susp); follow recommended dose escalation every 2wks. If switching from or to an ACEI: allow 36hrs wash-out period between taking the two drugs. Preparation of oral suspension: see full labeling.
SOLUBLE GUANYLATE CYCLASE (sGC) STIMULATOR
vericiguat Verquvo 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg tabs Adults: Initially 2.5mg once daily with food, then double the dose approx. every 2wks. Target dose: 10mg once daily as tolerated.
Children: Not established.
SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 (SGLT2) INHIBITOR
dapagliflozin Farxiga 5mg, 10mg tabs ≥18yrs: (eGFR ≥45mL/min/1.73m2): initially 10mg once daily; (eGFR 25–<45mL/min/1.73m2): 10mg once daily; (eGFR <25mL/min/1.73m2): may continue on 10mg once daily.
<18yrs: Not established.
empagliflozin Jardiance 10mg, 25mg tabs ≥18yrs: 10mg once daily in the AM. Insufficient data for dosing: in those who have T2DM and established CV disease (with eGFR <30mL/min/1.73m2), or those who have HF (with eGFR <20mL/min/1.73m2).
<18yrs: Not established.
sotagliflozin Inpefa 200mg, 400mg tabs ≥18yrs: Initially 200mg once daily (at ≤1hr before the first meal of the day). After ≥2wks, titrate up to 400mg once daily as tolerated; may down-titrate to 200mg as needed.
<18yrs: Not established.
VASODILATOR
isosorbide dinitrate/ hydralazine BiDil5 20mg/37.5mg scored tabs Adults: Initially 1 tab 3 times daily, may reduce to ½ tab 3 times daily if not tolerated; titrate as tolerated after 3–5 days. Max 2 tabs 3 times daily. NYHA Class IV: not established.
Children: Not established.
NOTES

Key:+ = scored; IR = immediate-release; HCTZ = hydrochlorothiazide; SBP = systolic blood pressure

1 Treatment of heart failure concomitant with diuretic +/- digitalis.

2 Treatment of CHF in stabilized patients after MI.

3 Moderate CYP3A inhibitors include erythromycin, verapamil, saquinavir, fluconazole.

4 Fixed combination is not indicated for initial therapy of edema except in patients in whom the development of hypokalemia cannot be risked.

5 As adjunct to standard therapy for heart failure in black patients.

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 9/2023)

]]>
COVID-19 Vaccines https://www.empr.com/charts/covid-19-vaccines/ Thu, 10 Jun 2021 21:48:13 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=165244 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 11px!important; 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text-align: left; }

COVID-19 Vaccines

COVID-19 VACCINES

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the emergency use of the following vaccines (two bivalent mRNA vaccines and a protein subunit vaccine) for active immunization to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and the Janssen vaccine are no longer authorized for use in the US for the 2023-2024 season.

 

Adverse reactions for the mRNA vaccines1 (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna) include: inj site pain, swelling and/or erythema, fatigue, headache, myalgia, chills, arthralgia, fever, nausea, malaise, lymphadenopathy. Rare reactions include severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, and other hypersensitivity reactions (eg, rash, pruritis, urticaria, angioedema), myocarditis/pericarditis (esp. adolescents and young adults). Side effects of the Novavax vaccine include: inj site pain, swelling and/or erythema, headache, fatigue, myalgia, nausea, fever; rare: severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, clotting events such as TTS (esp. women aged 18-49yrs).

Vaccine Vial Cap Color/Volume Vaccine History Dosing Storage/Stability2
mRNA VACCINES3
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, bivalent (Original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Maroon cap vial: 0.2mL
Orange cap vial: 0.2mL
Gray cap vial: 0.3mL
Unvaccinated 6mos–4yrs (maroon cap only): 0.2mL IM x 2 doses 3wks apart, then 0.2mL single dose ≥8wks after the 2nd dose
5–11yrs (orange cap only): 0.2mL IM single dose
12–64yrs: 0.3mL IM single dose
≥65yrs: 0.3mL IM single dose; may give 1 additional dose ≥4mos after the first bivalent vaccine dose

Ultra-low Temperature Freezer4

(–90° to –60°C/-130°F to -76°F): up to 18mos from manufacture date

 

Refrigerator

(2°C to 8°C/35°F to 46°F): up to 10wks (up to 12hrs after vial puncture)

 

Room Temperature

(8°C to 25°C/46°F to 77°F): up to 12hrs before vial puncture (then up to 12hrs after vial puncture)

Previously vaccinated with 1, 2 or 3 doses of monovalent Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine 6mos–4yrs (maroon cap only): 1 previous monovalent dose: 0.2mL IM single dose 3wks after monovalent vaccine, then 0.2mL single dose ≥8wks after the 1st bivalent dose. 2 previous monovalent doses: 0.2mL IM single dose ≥8wks after the 2nd monovalent vaccine dose. 3 previous monovalent doses: 0.2mL IM single dose ≥2mos after the 3rd monovalent vaccine dose
Previously vaccinated with 1 or more doses of any monovalent COVID-19 vaccine 5–11yrs (orange cap only): 0.2mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine
12–64yrs: 0.3mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine
≥65yrs: 0.3mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine; may give 1 additional dose ≥4mos after the first bivalent vaccine dose
Immunocompromised 6mos–4yrs (maroon cap only): Previously received 3 doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine5:may give 1 additional 0.2mL dose (4th dose) ≥1 month after the last dose; may give additional doses at the discretion of the physician.
≥5yrs: Previously received 1 dose of bivalent vaccine: may give 1 additional age-appropriate dose ≥2mos after the first bivalent dose; may give additional doses at the discretion of the physician
Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, bivalent (Original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5) Dark pink cap vial: 0.2mL
Dark blue cap vial: 0.25mL, 0.5mL
Unvaccinated 6mos–5yrs: 0.25mL IM x 2 doses 1 month apart
6–11yrs: 0.25mL IM single dose
12–64yrs: 0.5mL IM single dose
≥65yrs: 0.5mL IM single dose; may give 1 additional dose ≥4mos after the first bivalent vaccine dose

Freezer

(–50°C to –15°C/–58°F to 5°F): until expiration date

 

Refrigerator

(2°C to 8°C/36°F to 46°F): up to 30 days (up to 8hrs after vial puncture for formulation with pink caps or up to 12hrs for formulation with dark blue caps)

 

Room Temperature

(8°C to 25°C/46°F to 77°F): up to 24hrs (up to 8hrs after vial puncture for formulation with pink caps or up to 12hrs for formulation with dark blue caps)

Previously vaccinated with 1 or 2 doses of monovalent Moderna COVID-19 vaccine 6mos–5yrs: 1 previous monovalent dose: 0.25mL IM single dose 1 month after monovalent vaccine. 2 previous monovalent doses (pink cap only): 0.2mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine
Previously vaccinated with 1 or more doses of any monovalent COVID-19 vaccine 6–11yrs: 0.25mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine
12–64yrs: 0.5mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine
≥65yrs: 0.5mL IM single dose ≥2mos after monovalent vaccine; may give 1 additional dose ≥4mos after the first bivalent vaccine dose
Immunocompromised 6mos–5yrs: Previously received 2 doses of Moderna vaccine6: may give 1 additional 0.25mL dose ≥1 month after the last dose; may give additional doses at the discretion of the physician.
≥6yrs: Previously received 1 dose of bivalent vaccine: may give 1 additional age-appropriate dose ≥2mos after the first bivalent dose; may give additional doses at the discretion of the physician
PROTEIN SUBUNIT VACCINE7
Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, adjuvanted 0.5mL Primary series ≥12yrs: 0.5mL IM x 2 doses 3wks apart Refrigerator
(2°C to 8°C/36°F to 46°F) Hold vial between 2°C to 25°C/36°F to 77°F for up to 6hrs after first puncture
Booster8 ≥18yrs: 0.5mL single dose ≥6mos after completion of primary series of an authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccine
NOTES

Key: EUA = Emergency Use Authorization; IM = intramuscular

 1 mRNA vaccines: most systemic post-vaccination symptoms are mild to moderate in severity, occur within the first 3 days of vaccination, and resolve with 1-3 days of onset. Symptoms are more frequent and severe following 2nd dose and among younger people compared with older (eg, >55yrs/Pfizer-BioNTech, ≥65yrs/Moderna). Those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection may be more likely to experience symptoms such as fever, chills, and myalgia after the 1st dose.

 2 Stability is for unopened vials unless otherwise specified. Frozen vaccines must be thawed and diluted before use, either in refrigerator or at room temperature, and should not be refrozen.

 3 Nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the viral spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2.

 4 The Pfizer-BioNTech bivalent vaccine vials should not be stored at -25°C to -15°C/-13°F to 5°F.

 5 Individuals who have received three 0.2mL doses of either monovalent or bivalent Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

 6 Individuals who have received two 0.25mL doses of either monovalent or bivalent Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

 7 Engineered portion of viral spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2, combined with adjuvant (saponin-based Matrix-M).

 8 The Novavax vaccine is under EUA as a first booster dose to adults age ≥18yrs for whom an FDA-authorized mRNA bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccine is not accessible or clinically appropriate, and to adults ≥18yrs who elect to receive the Novavax vaccine because they would otherwise not receive a booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

REFERENCES

Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers): Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine, Adjuvanted to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accessed June 26, 2023. https://www.fda.gov/media/159897/download.

 

Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine: Emergency Use Authorization of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, Bivalent (Original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5). Accessed June 26, 2023. https://www.fda.gov/media/167208/download.

 

Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine: Emergency Use Authorization of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, Bivalent (Original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5). Accessed June 26, 2023. https://www.fda.gov/media/167211/download.

(Rev. 6/2023)

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Cystic Fibrosis Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/cystic-fibrosis-treatments/ Mon, 05 Apr 2021 16:37:47 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=161646 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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Cystic Fibrosis Treatments

CYSTIC FIBROSIS TREATMENTS
The Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation established the Pulmonary Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee to assist healthcare providers with the use of chronic medications for the maintenance of lung health in CF patients. Since the 2007 publication of the guidelines, several novel medications have been approved for use in the US and additional data have been published on therapies previously reviewed. The committee conducted an assessment of the current evidence to develop updated recommendations on the use of currently available chronic treatments for CF lung disease.
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose
INHALED ANTIBIOTICS1
aztreonam Cayston 75mg pwd for inh via nebulization Adults and Children: <7yrs: Not established. Use a short-acting bronchodilator 15mins–4hrs before each dose; or a long-acting bronchodilator 30mins–12hrs before starting therapy. ≥7yrs: 75mg by nebulization 3 times daily (≥4hrs apart) for 28 days (then 28 days off).
tobramycin Tobi 300mg/5mL soln for oral inh Adults and Children: <6yrs: Not established. Give in alternate 28-day cycles (28 days on, 28 days off). ≥6yrs: 300mg via oral inh over 15mins twice daily, as close to every 12hrs as possible (must be ≥6hrs apart). Give last when using multiple inhalation therapies.
Tobi Podhaler 28mg/cap dry pwd for oral inh Adults and Children: <6yrs: Not established. Give in alternate 28-day cycles (28 days on, 28 days off). ≥6yrs: Inhale contents of 4 caps with Podhaler device twice daily, as close to every 12hrs as possible (must be ≥6hrs apart). Give last when using multiple inhalation therapies.
NSAIDS2
ibuprofen Advil 200mg tabs, caps, caplets, liqui-gels Adults: ≥18yrs: Insufficient data for chronic use.
Children: 6–17yrs (FEV1 >60% predicted): maintain peak plasma concentration of 50–100mcg/mL.
100mg/5mL susp
Motrin 200mg tabs, caps, caplets, gelcaps
100mg/5mL susp
CFTR MODULATORS
ivacaftor Kalydeco3 150mg tabs Adults and Children: <1month or <6mos (with hepatic impairment and/or on concomitant moderate or strong CYP3A inhibitors): Not recommended. 1–<6mos (born at a gestational age <37wks): not evaluated. 1–<2mos (≥3kg): 5.8mg packet every 12hrs; 2–<4mos (≥3kg): 13.4mg packet every 12hrs; 4–<6mos (≥5kg): 25mg packet every 12hrs. 6mos–<6yrs (5–<7kg): 25mg packet every 12hrs; (7–<14kg): 50mg packet every 12hrs; (≥14kg): 75mg packet every 12hrs. ≥6yrs: 150mg tab every 12hrs. Hepatic impairment, concomitant moderate or strong CYP3A inhibitors: reduce dosing frequency; see full labeling
5.8mg, 13.4mg, 25mg, 50mg, 75mg; per packet oral granules4
lumacaftor/ ivacaftor Orkambi3 100mg/125mg, 200mg/125mg tabs Adults: ≥12yrs: 2 tabs (200mg/125mg) every 12hrs. Currently taking strong CYP3A inhibitors: initially 1 tab (200mg/125mg) once daily for 1st week then continue with recommended daily dose. Hepatic impairment (moderate): 2 tabs in the AM and 1 tab in the PM; (severe): max 1 tab in the AM and 1 tab in the PM, or less; use with caution.
Children: <1yr: Not established. 1–2yrs (7–<9kg): 1pkt (75mg/94mg) every 12hrs; (9–<14kg): 1pkt (100mg/125mg) every 12hrs; (≥14kg): 1 pkt (150mg/188mg) every 12hrs. 2–5yrs (<14kg): 1 pkt (100mg/125mg) every 12hrs; (≥14kg): 1 pkt (150mg/188mg) every 12hrs. 6–11yrs: 2 tabs (100mg/125mg) every 12hrs. Currently taking strong CYP3A inhibitors: initially 1 pkt every other day (1–5yrs) or 1 tab once daily (≥6yrs) for 1st week then continue with recommended daily dose. Hepatic impairment: 1–5yrs (moderate): 1 pkt in the AM and 1 pkt every other day in the PM; (severe): max 1 pkt in the AM, or less; ≥6yrs (moderate): 2 tabs in the AM and 1 tab in the PM; (severe): max 1 tab in the AM and 1 tab in the PM, or less; all: use with caution.
75mg/94mg, 100mg/125mg, 150mg/188mg; per packet oral granules4
tezacaftor/ ivacaftor + ivacaftor Symdeko3 50mg/75mg + 75mg, 100mg/150mg + 150mg tabs Adults and Children: <6yrs: Not established. 6–<12yrs (<30kg): 1 tab (50mg/75mg) in the AM and 1 tab (75mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart; 6–<12yrs (≥30kg) or ≥12yrs: 1 tab (100mg/150mg) in the AM and 1 tab (150mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart. Concomitant moderate CYP3A inhibitors (6–<12yrs [<30kg]): alternate 1 tab (50mg/75mg) in the AM or 1 tab (75mg) in the AM every other day; (6–<12yrs [≥30kg]) or ≥12yrs: alternate 1 tab (100mg/150mg) in the AM or 1 tab (150mg) in the AM every other day. Concomitant strong CYP3A inhibitors (6–<12yrs [<30kg]): 1 tab (50mg/75mg) in the AM twice weekly, approx. 3–4 days apart; (6–<12yrs [≥30kg]) or ≥12yrs: 1 tab (100mg/150mg) in the AM twice weekly, approx. 3–4 days apart. Moderate hepatic impairment (6–<12yrs [<30kg]): 1 tab (50mg/75mg) once daily, or less frequently if severe; (6–<12yrs [≥30kg]) or ≥12yrs: 1 tab (100mg/150mg) once daily, or less frequently if severe.
elexacaftor/ tezacaftor/ ivacaftor + ivacaftor Trikafta3 50mg/25mg/
37.5mg + 75mg, 100mg/50mg/
75mg + 150mg
tabs Adults: ≥12yrs: 2 tabs (100mg/50mg/75mg) in the AM and 1 tab (ivacaftor 150mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart. Moderate hepatic impairment (not recommended; if needed, use with caution at reduced dose), concomitant moderate or strong CYP3A inhibitors: see full labeling.
Children: <2yrs: Not established. 2–<6yrs (<14kg): 1 packet (80mg/40mg/60mg) in the AM and 1 packet (ivacaftor 59.5mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart; (≥14kg): 1 packet (100mg/50mg/75mg) in the AM and 1 packet (ivacaftor 75mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart. 6–<12yrs (<30kg): 2 tabs (50mg/25mg/37.5mg) in the AM and 1 tab (ivacaftor 75mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart; (≥30kg): 2 tabs (100mg/50mg/75mg) in the AM and 1 tab (ivacaftor 150mg) in the PM, approx. 12hrs apart. Moderate hepatic impairment (not recommended; if needed, use with caution at reduced dose), concomitant moderate or strong CYP3A inhibitors: see full labeling.
80mg/40mg/ 60mg + 59.5mg, 100mg/50mg/ 75mg + 75mg; per packet oral granules4
MUCOLYTICS
dornase alfa Pulmozyme 1mg/mL soln for oral inh Adults and Children: <3mos: Not recommended. Use appropriate nebulizer (jet or vibrating mesh). Do not dilute. <5yrs: 2.5mg once daily via nebulization; may increase to 2.5mg twice daily (see full labeling).
hypertonic saline 3%, 7% soln for oral inh Adults and Children: <6yrs: Not established. ≥6yrs: 4mL/dose via nebulization twice daily.
mannitol Bronchitol 40mg/cap dry pwd for oral inh Adults: Perform Bronchitol Tolerance Test (BTT) prior to administration. Use a short-acting bronchodilator 5–15mins before each dose. Add-on treatment: 400mg (10 caps) twice daily (AM & PM) via provided inhaler; PM dose should be ≥2–3hrs before bedtime.
Children: Not established.
NOTES

Key: CFTR = cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; inh = inhalation; MWF = monday, wednesday, friday; NSAIDS = Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; pkt = packet; pwd = powder; RTI = respiratory tract infection

1 Refer to the CF Foundation’s Pulmonary Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee for their recommendations on the use of oral antibiotics for maintenance therapy.

2 The guidelines recommended the use of ibuprofen to prevent the loss of lung function in patients with FEV1 >60% predicted. The Committee updated the guidelines to limit the use of ibuprofen to only children aged 6-17yrs.

3 Take with fat-containing food (eg, eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, whole-milk dairy products).

4 Mix oral granules with 1 tsp (5mL) of soft-food or liquid (eg, pureed fruits/vegetables, yogurt, applesauce, water, milk, juice, breast milk, or infant formula) and completely consume within 1hr.

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

REFERENCE

Mogayzel PJ, Naureckas ET, Robinson KA, et al. Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines: chronic medications for maintenance of lung health. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Apr 1;187(7):680-9. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1160oe.

(Rev. 4/2024)

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FDA-Approved Melanoma Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/fda-approved-melanoma-treatments/ Thu, 28 Jan 2021 20:05:12 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=158507 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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FDA-APPROVED MELANOMA TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Adult Dose
ALKYLATING AGENT
dacarbazine 200mg/vial pwd for IV infusion after reconstitution and dilution Malignant melanoma: 2–4.5mg/kg/day IV for 10 days, may repeat every 4wks; or 250mg/m2 daily for 5 days, may repeat every 3wks.
CTLA-4 BLOCKING ANTIBODY
ipilimumab Yervoy 5mg/mL soln for IV infusion Infuse over 90mins. Single agent: 3mg/kg every 3wks for max 4 doses. In combination with nivolumab: 3mg/kg every 3wks (given after nivolumab on the same day) for max 4 doses or until unacceptable toxicity, whichever occurs earlier; after completing 4 doses of the combination, give nivolumab (as a single agent) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Adjuvant (cutaneous): 10mg/kg every 3wks for max 4 doses, followed by 10mg/kg every 12wks for up to 3yrs; may omit doses if toxicity occurs.
INTERFERONS
interferon alfa-2b1 Intron A 10 million IU, 18 million IU, 50 million IU; per vial pwd for inj after reconstitution and dilution Malignant melanoma: Induction (use pwd form only): 20million IU/m2 IV over 20mins, 5 consecutive days per week, for 4wks. Maintenance: 10 million IU/m2 SC 3 times per week for 48wks.
10 million IU, 18 million IU, 25 million IU; per vial soln for SC inj
peginterferon alfa-2b Sylatron 296mcg, 444mcg, 888mcg lyophilized pwd for SC inj after reconstitution Adjuvant: 6mcg/kg/week SC for 8 doses, followed by 3mcg/kg/week for up to 5yrs. Renal impairment (moderate): initially 4.5mcg/kg/week for 8 doses, followed by 2.25mcg/kg/week for up to 5yrs; (severe or ESRD on dialysis): initially 3mcg/kg/week for 8 doses, followed by 1.5mcg/kg/week for up to 5yrs.
INTERLEUKIN-2
aldesleukin1 Proleukin 22 million IU/ vial pwd for IV infusion after reconstitution and dilution 600,000 IU/kg (0.037mg/kg) every 8hrs by IV infusion over 15mins for max 14 doses, followed by 9 days rest, then repeat for another 14 doses (max 28 doses/course), as tolerated. Retreatment: see full labeling.
KINASE INHIBITORS
binimetinib Mektovi2 15mg tabs 45mg twice daily (approx. 12hrs apart) with encorafenib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Moderate or severe hepatic impairment: 30mg twice daily. Discontinue if encorafenib is permanently discontinued.
cobimetinib Cotellic2 20mg tabs 60mg once daily for first 21 days of each 28-day cycle, in combination with vemurafenib, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
dabrafenib Tafinlar2 50mg, 75mg caps Take at least 1hr before or 2hrs after a meal. Monotherapy or in combination with trametinib: 150mg twice daily (approx. 12hrs apart) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Adjuvant treatment with trametinib: 150mg twice daily (approx. 12hrs apart) until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity for up to 1yr.
encorafenib Braftovi2 75mg caps 450mg once daily with binimetinib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
trametinib Mekinist2 0.5mg, 2mg tabs Take at same time each day, at least 1hr before or 2hrs after a meal. Monotherapy or in combination with dabrafenib: 2mg once daily (approx. 24hrs apart) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Adjuvant treatment with dabrafenib: 2mg once daily (approx. 24hrs apart) until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity for up to 1yr.
vemurafenib Zelboraf2 240mg tabs 960mg every 12hrs until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
ONCOLYTIC VIRAL THERAPY
talimogene laherparepvec Imlygic 106 (1 million) PFU/mL, 108 (100 million) PFU/mL susp for intralesional inj Inject intralesionally into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions. Total inj volume per treatment visit: max 4mL for all injected lesions combined. Initial dose: up to 4mL of 106 (1 million) PFU/mL. 2nd dose: up to 4mL of 108 (100 million) PFU/mL given 3wks later. All subsequent doses (including reinitiation): up to 4mL of 108 (100 million) PFU/mL given 2wks apart. Continue for ≥6mos unless other treatment required or until no lesions to treat; reinitiate if new lesions appear after a complete response.
PD-1/PD-L1 BLOCKING ANTIBODIES
atezolizumab Tecentriq3 60mg/mL soln for IV infusion after dilution Prior to initiation, administer a 28-day treatment cycle of cobimetinib 60mg once daily (21 days on, 7 days off) and vemurafenib 960mg twice daily (Days 1–21) and vemurafenib 720mg twice daily (Days 22–28). Give atezolizumab 840mg IV every 2wks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, in combination with cobimetinib 60mg once daily (21 days on, 7 days off) and vemurafenib 720mg twice daily.
nivolumab Opdivo 10mg/mL soln for IV infusion after dilution Infuse over 30mins. ≥40kg: 240mg every 2wks or 480mg every 4wks. <40kg: 3mg/kg every 2wks or 6mg/kg every 4wks. Single agent (for unresectable or metastatic melanoma): continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Adjuvant treatment: continue until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity for up to 1yr. In combination with ipilimumab: 1mg/kg (followed by ipilimumab on the same day) every 3wks for 4 doses, then followed by 240mg every 2wks or 480mg every 4wks (if ≥40kg) or 3mg/kg every 2wks or 6mg/kg every 4wks (if <40kg) as a single agent until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
pembrolizumab Keytruda 25mg/mL soln for IV infusion after dilution Infuse over 30mins. 200mg every 3wks or 400mg every 6wks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Adjuvant: continue until disease recurrence, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 12 months.
PD-1 BLOCKING ANTIBODY + LAG-3 BLOCKING ANTIBODY
nivolumab/
relatlimab-rmbw
Opdualag 240mg/80mg per 20mL soln for IV infusion Infuse over 30mins. ≥40kg: 480mg/160mg every 4wks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
NOTES

1 Recombinant.
2 For melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations.
3 For melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation only.


Not an inclusive list of medications and/or doses. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 6/2023)

]]>
Dry Eye Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/dry-eye-treatments/ Tue, 15 Dec 2020 19:47:52 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=156372 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 11px!important; 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Dry Eye Treatments

DRY EYE TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Adult Dose
Artificial Tears or Ocular Lubricants
carboxymethylcellulose sodium Refresh Celluvisc OTC 1% gel 1–2 drops as needed.
Refresh Liquigel1 OTC 1% gel
Refresh Plus OTC 0.5% soln
Refresh Tears1 OTC 0.5% soln
TheraTears2 OTC 0.25% soln
carboxymethylcellulose sodium + glycerin Refresh Optive2 OTC 0.5% + 0.9% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Refresh Relieva2
carboxymethylcellulose sodium + glycerin + polysorbate 80 Refresh Digital2 OTC 0.5% + 1% + 0.5% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
dextran 70 + hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Bion Tears OTC 0.1% + 0.3% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
dextran 70 + hypromellose GenTeal Tears Preservative Free OTC 0.1% + 0.3% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
dextran 70 + glycerin + hypromellose GenTeal Tears Moderate1 OTC 0.1% + 0.2% + 0.3% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
glycerin Clear Eyes Advanced1,3 OTC 0.25% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
glycerin + propylene glycol Advanced Eye Relief Dry Eye1,3 OTC 0.3% + 1% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Soothe OTC 0.6% + 0.6%
glycerin + hypromellose + polyethylene glycol Visine Dry Eye Relief1,3 OTC 0.2% + 0.2% + 1% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
hydroxypropyl cellulose Lacrisert 5mg ocular insert 1 insert in each inferior cul-de-sac once or twice daily.
hypromellose GenTeal Tears Gel1 OTC 0.3% gel 1–2 drops as needed.
hypromellose + naphazoline + polysorbate 80 + zinc sulfate Clear Eyes Complete 7 Symptom Relief1,3 OTC 0.2% + 0.025% + 0.5% + 0.25% soln 1–2 drops up to 4 times daily.
mineral oil + light mineral oil Soothe XP2,3 OTC 4.5% + 1% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
mineral oil + white petrolatum GenTeal Tears Ointment OTC 3% + 94% oint Apply ¼ inch to lower lid before bedtime.
Refresh Lacri-lube1 OTC 42.5% + 56.8%
Refresh PM OTC 42.5% + 57.3%
Soothe Nighttime3 OTC 20% + 80%
Systane Nighttime3 OTC 3% + 94%
naphazoline + glycerin Clear Eyes Redness Relief1,3 OTC 0.012% + 0.25% soln 1–2 drops up to 4 times daily.
Clear Eyes Maximum Redness Relief1,3 OTC 0.03% + 0.5%
polyethylene glycol Blink Tears2 OTC 0.25% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
polyethylene glycol + propylene glycol Systane2 OTC 0.4% + 0.3% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Systane Hydration
Systane Ultra2
polyvinyl alcohol + povidone Clear Eyes Natural Tears1,3 OTC 0.5% + 0.6% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Freshkote OTC 2.7% + 2% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Murine Tears Original1,3 OTC 0.5% + 0.6% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Refresh Classic OTC 1.4% + 0.6% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
povidone Ivizia for Dry Eyes OTC 0.5% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Ivizia for Severe/Night Dry Eyes3 OTC 0.5% gel
Soothe Hydration1 OTC 1.25% soln
Soothe Maximum Hydration1,3 OTC 2%
propylene glycol Systane Balance1 OTC 0.6% soln 1–2 drops as needed.
Systane Complete2,4
tetrahydrozoline + polyvinyl alcohol + povidone Clear Eyes Triple Action1,3 OTC 0.05% + 0.5% + 0.6% soln 1–2 drops up to 4 times daily.
Immunomodulators
cyclosporine Cequa3 0.09% soln 1 drop twice daily (approx. 12hrs apart).
Restasis3 0.05% emulsion 1 drop in each eye every 12hrs.
lifitegrast Xiidra3 5% soln 1 drop twice daily (approx. 12hrs apart).
NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR AGONIST
varenicline Tyrvaya 0.03mg nasal spray One spray in each nostril twice daily (approx. 12hrs apart).
STEROID
loteprednol etabonate Eysuvis1 0.25% susp 1–2 drops in each eye 4 times daily for up to 2wks.
NOTES

1 Contains a preservative (eg, benzalkonium chloride, polyquaternium-1, sodium perborate, sodium chlorite, Purite, etc.)

2 Available with a preservative and preservative-free.

3 Remove contact lens prior to use.

4 Lipid nano-droplet technology for a long-lasting relief of 8hrs.

 

Not an inclusive list of medications and/or official indications. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 1/2023)

]]>
Sleep Disorders: Treatments https://www.empr.com/charts/sleep-disorders-treatments/ Mon, 29 Jun 2020 14:48:06 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=145454 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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Sleep Disorders: Treatments

SLEEP DISORDERS: TREATMENTS
Generic Brand Strength Form Dose1 Notes
INSOMNIA
daridorexant Quviviq CIV 25mg, 50mg tabs Adults: 25–50mg once per night. Concomitant moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors or moderate hepatic impairment: max 25mg once per night.
Children: Not established.
Take within 30mins of bedtime (with ≥7hrs remaining prior to planned awakening). Effect may be delayed if taken with or soon after a meal.
doxepin Silenor Rx 3mg, 6mg tabs Adults: Initially 6mg once daily; max: 6mg/day. Elderly, hepatic impairment, tendency to urinary retention: initially 3mg once daily.
Children: Not recommended.
Take within 30mins of bedtime. Do not take within 3hrs of a meal.
eszopiclone Lunesta CIV 1mg, 2mg, 3mg tabs Adults: Initially 1mg; may increase to 2–3mg if needed; max 3mg/dose. Elderly, debilitated, concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitors, or severe hepatic impairment: max 2mg/dose.
Children: <18yrs: Not established.
Effects delayed if taken with or after a heavy/ high-fat meal. Take immediately before bedtime (with ≥7–8hrs remaining before planned time of awakening).
estazolam CIV 1mg+, 2mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 1mg at bedtime; may increase to 2mg nightly. Small or debilitated elderly: initially 0.5mg.
Children: <18yrs: Not recommended.
flurazepam CIV 15mg, 30mg caps Adults: 15–30mg at bedtime. Elderly or debilitated: initially 15mg at bedtime.
Children: <15yrs: Not recommended.
lemborexant Dayvigo CIV 5mg, 10mg tabs Adults: 5mg once per night; may increase to max 10mg/day based on clinical response and tolerability. Concomitant weak CYP3A inhibitors, moderate hepatic impairment: max 5mg/day.
Children: Not established.
Effect may be delayed if taken with or soon after a meal. Take immediately before bedtime, with (≥7hrs) remaining before the planned time of awakening.
quazepam Doral CIV 15mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 7.5mg at bedtime; may increase to 15mg if needed.
Children: Not established.
ramelteon Rozerem Rx 8mg tabs Adults: Take 8mg within 30mins of bedtime.
Children: Not recommended.
Do not take with high-fat/heavy meals (delays effect).
suvorexant Belsomra CIV 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg tabs Adults: 10mg once per night; may increase if ineffective; max 20mg/day. Concomitant moderate CYP3A inhibitors: 5mg; max 10mg/day.
Children: Not established.
Effect may be delayed if taken with or soon after a meal. Take within 30mins of bedtime if able to get full night’s sleep (≥7hrs) before awakening.
temazepam Restoril CIV 7.5mg, 15mg, 22.5mg, 30mg caps Adults: Usual dose: 7.5mg–30mg at bedtime. Elderly or debilitated: initially 7.5mg.
Children: Not established.
triazolam Halcion CIV 0.25mg+ tabs Adults: 0.125–0.25mg at bedtime; max 0.5mg. Elderly: initially 0.125mg; max 0.25mg.
Children: Not established.
Reevaluate if used ≥3wks.
zaleplon Sonata CIV 5mg, 10mg caps2 Adults: 10mg; max 20mg. Mild to moderate hepatic impairment, concomitant cimetidine, or low weight patients: 5mg. Elderly, debilitated: 5mg; max 10mg.
Children: Not established.
Effects delayed if taken with or after a heavy/ high-fat meal. Take immediately prior to bedtime or after patient has gone to bed and experienced difficulty falling asleep (with ≥7–8hrs of sleep remaining).
zolpidem tartrate CIV 1.75mg, 3.5mg SL tabs Adults: Place 1 tab under the tongue and allow to disintegrate completely before swallowing. Women: 1.75mg. Men: 3.5mg. Concomitant CNS depressants, elderly (≥65yrs), hepatic impairment: 1.75mg.
Children: <18yrs: Not recommended.
Effects delayed if taken with or after a meal. Take only once per night as needed (with ≥4hrs of bedtime remaining before planned time of waking).
Ambien CIV 5mg, 10mg tabs Adults: Women: initially 5mg. Men: initially 5mg or 10mg. Both: if 5mg ineffective, may increase to max 10mg. Elderly, debilitated, or mild to moderate hepatic impairment: 5mg.
Children: <18yrs: Not recommended.
Effects delayed if taken with or after a meal. Take once per night immediately before bedtime (with ≥7–8hrs remaining before planned time of awakening).
Ambien CR CIV 6.25mg, 12.5mg ext-rel tabs Adults: Women: initially 6.25mg. Men: initially 6.25mg or 12.5mg. Both: if 6.25mg ineffective, may increase to max 12.5mg. Elderly, debilitated, or mild to moderate hepatic impairment: 6.25mg.
Children: <18yrs: Not recommended.
Edluar CIV 5mg, 10mg SL tabs Adults: Place 1 tab under the tongue and allow to dissolve; do not take with water. Women: initially 5mg. Men: initially 5mg or 10mg. Both: if 5mg ineffective, may increase to max 10mg. Elderly, debilitated, or hepatic impairment: 5mg.
Children: <18yrs: Not recommended.
IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNIA
sodium oxybate/
calcium oxybate/
magnesium oxybate/
potassium oxybate
Xywav CIII 40mg/234mg/
96mg/130mg per mL
oral soln Adults: Twice nightly regimen: initially ≤4.5g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by ≤1.5g/night (0.75g/dose) at weekly intervals; max 9g/night. Once nightly regimen: initially ≤3g/night. May increase by 1.5g/night at weekly intervals; max 6g/night.
Children: Not established.
Take on empty stomach. Dilute each dose with 60mL of water. May change between twice and once nightly regimens during titration based on efficacy and tolerability.
NARCOLEPSY
amphetamine sulfate Evekeo CII 5mg, 10mg tabs Adults and Children: <6yrs: Not recommended. Usual range 5–60mg/day.
6–12yrs: initially 5mg daily, may increase by 5mg/day at weekly intervals.
≥12yrs: initially 10mg daily; may increase by 10mg/day at weekly intervals.
Give first dose upon awakening and additional doses at 4–6hr intervals.
armodafinil Nuvigil CIV 50mg, 150mg, 200mg, 250mg tabs Adults: ≥17yrs: 150mg or 250mg once daily in the AM.
Children: <17yrs: Not recommended.
dextro
amphetamine sulfate
CII 5mg+, 10mg+ tabs Adults: 5–60mg daily in divided doses.
Children: <6yrs: Not recommended.
6–12yrs:
initially 5mg daily; may increase by 5mg/day at weekly intervals.
≥12yrs: initially 10mg daily; may increase by 10mg/day at weekly intervals.
Avoid late evening doses. Give first dose upon awakening and 1–2 more doses 4–6hrs apart.
Dexedrine Spansule CII 5mg, 10mg, 15mg sust-rel caps
Zenzedi CII 2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg, 30mg tabs
methylphenidate HCl CII 5mg, 10mg+, 20mg+ tabs Adults: 10–60mg daily in 2–3 divided doses preferably 30–45mins before meals. Chew tabs: take with 8oz of water or other fluid.
Children: <6yrs: Not established. ≥6yrs: initially 5mg twice a day before breakfast and lunch. Increase gradually by 5–10mg per week if needed; max 60mg daily.
May use methylphenidate ER tabs (max 60mg/day) in place of IR tabs when the 8-hr dose of methylphenidate ER corresponds to the titrated 8-hr dose of the IR.
2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg chew tabs3
Methylin Oral Solution CII 5mg/5mL, 10mg/5mL oral soln
Ritalin CII 5mg, 10mg+, 20mg+ tabs Adults: Give in 2–3 divided doses preferably 30–45mins before meals. Usual dose: 20–30mg/day; max 60mg/day.
Children: <6yrs: Not established. ≥6yrs: initially 5mg twice daily before breakfast and lunch. May increase by 5–10mg weekly; max 60mg/day.
mixed dextroamphetamine/ amphetamine salts CII 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 12.5mg, 15mg, 20mg, 30mg double-scored tabs Adults and Children: <12yrs: use dextroamphetamine sulfate. ≥12yrs: Usual range 5–60mg/day in divided doses. Avoid late evening doses; give upon awakening and 4–6hrs apart.
modafinil Provigil CIV 100mg, 200mg+ tabs Adults: ≥17yrs: 200mg once daily in the AM; max 400mg/day. Severe hepatic impairment: 100mg once daily.
Children: <17yrs: Not established.
pitolisant Wakix Rx 4.45mg, 17.8mg tabs Adults: Week 1: initially 8.9mg once daily; Week 2: increase to 17.8mg once daily; Week 3: may increase to max 35.6mg once daily. Adjust dose based on tolerability. Moderate hepatic impairment: initially 8.9mg once daily, may increase to max 17.8mg once daily after 14 days. Moderate to severe renal impairment: initially 8.9mg once daily, may increase to max 17.8mg once daily after 7 days. ESRD: not recommended.
Children: Not established.
Take in the AM upon awakening.
sodium oxybate Lumryz CIII 4.5g, 6g, 7.5g, 9g pkts for ext-rel oral susp Adults: Initially 4.5g/night as a single dose. May increase by 1.5g/night at weekly intervals; usual range: 6–9g/night; max 9g/night. Switch from immediate-release sodium oxybate: use nearest equivalent dose in g/night.
Children: Not established.
Take ≥2hrs after eating. Mix each dose with ~80mL of water. Allow 6hrs before becoming active after last dose.
Xyrem CIII 500mg/mL oral soln Adults: Initially 4.5g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1.5g/night (0.75g/dose) at weekly intervals; usual range: 6–9g/night; max 9g/night.
Children: <7yrs: Not established. ≥7yrs (<20kg): see full labeling. ≥7yrs (20–<30kg): initially ≤2g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1g/night (0.5g/dose) at weekly intervals. Max total dose: 6g/night.
(30–<45kg): initially ≤3g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1g/night (0.5g/dose) at weekly intervals. Max total dose: 7.5g/night.
(≥45kg): initially ≤4.5g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1.5g/night (0.75g/dose) at weekly intervals; max total dose: 9g/night.
Take on empty stomach. Dilute each dose with 60mL of water. Some patients may respond better with unequal doses. Allow 6hrs before becoming active after last dose. Consider concomitant CNS stimulant use (see full labeling).
sodium oxybate/ calcium oxybate/ magnesium oxybate/ potassium oxybate Xywav CIII 40mg/ 234mg/ 96mg/ 130mg per mL oral soln Adults: Initially 4.5g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1.5g/night (0.75g/dose) at weekly intervals; usual range: 6–9g/night; max 9g/night.
Children: <7yrs: Not established. ≥7yrs (<20kg): see full labeling. ≥7yrs (20–<30kg): initially ≤2g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1g/night (0.5g/dose) at weekly intervals. Max total dose: 6g/night. (30–<45kg): initially ≤3g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1g/night (0.5g/dose) at weekly intervals. Max total dose: 7.5g/night. (≥45kg): initially ≤4.5g/night in 2 equally divided doses, at bedtime then again 2.5–4hrs later. May increase by 1.5g/night (0.75g/dose) at weekly intervals; max total dose: 9g/night.
Take on empty stomach. Dilute each dose with 60mL of water. Some patients may respond better with unequal doses. Allow 6hrs before becoming active after last dose. Consider concomitant CNS stimulant use (see full labeling).
solriamfetol Sunosi CIV 75mg+, 150mg tabs Adults: Initially 75mg once daily; usual range 75–150mg/day. May double dose at intervals of ≥3 days; max 150mg/day. Renal impairment: CrCl 30–59mL/min: initially 37.5mg/day; may increase to max 75mg/day after ≥7 days. CrCl 15–29mL/min: initially and at max 37.5mg/day. CrCl <15mL/min: not recommended.
Children: Not established.
Take upon awakening; avoid within 9hrs of planned bedtime.
NON-24-HOUR
tasimelteon Hetlioz Rx 20mg caps Adults: 20mg once daily before bedtime.
Children: Not established.
Take at the same time every night. Avoid with food.
RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
gabapentin enacarbil Horizant Rx 300mg, 600mg ext-rel tabs Adults: 600mg once daily at about 5pm with food. No additional benefit with 1200mg. Renal impairment: CrCl 30–59mL/min: initially 300mg/day and increase to 600mg as needed. CrCl 15–29mL/min: 300mg/day. CrCl <15mL/min: 300mg every other day. CrCl <15mL/min on HD: not recommended.
Children: Not studied.
If dose not taken at recommended time, next dose should be taken the following day.
pramipexole Rx 0.125mg, 0.25mg+, 0.5mg+, 0.75mg, 1mg+, 1.5mg+ tabs Adults: Initially 0.125mg once daily 2–3 hrs before bedtime. May double dose every 4–7 days; max 0.5mg/day (doses of 0.75mg/day have been used). Renal impairment: increase titration interval to every 14 days if needed.
Children: Not established.
ropinirole Rx 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, 2mg, 3mg, 4mg, 5mg tabs Adults: Initially 0.25mg on Days 1 & 2, then 0.5mg on Days 3–7, increase by 0.5mg/day at 1-wk intervals to 3mg then may increase to 4mg after 1wk; max 4mg/day. ESRD on HD: initially 0.25mg/day; max 3mg/day.
Children: Not established.
Take once-daily 1–3 hrs before bedtime. Titrate gradually.
NOTES

Key: + = scored; ER = extended-release; HD = hemodialysis; IR = intermediate-release; SL = sublingual

1 Use lowest effective dose

2 Contains tartrazine

3 Contains phenylalanine

Not an inclusive list of medications, official indications, or dosing information. Please see drug monograph at www.eMPR.com and/or contact company for full drug labeling.

(Rev. 9/2023)

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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis https://www.empr.com/charts/chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-prophylaxis/ Fri, 15 May 2020 16:00:10 +0000 https://www.empr.com/?p=142791 #articleColumn table.wkm ul li{padding: 0 0 10px 1em;}#articleColumn table.wkm p{ margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 120%;}.wkm-div {overflow: auto; }.wkm-SeeOnPhone { display: none; }thead.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important; font-weight: bold !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-style: normal; background-color: #D3DFE5; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; }tbody.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 12px!important; font-weight: normal!important; font-style: normal!important; line-height: 120% !important; text-align: left!important; background-color: #F4F7F8!important; margin-top: 0!important; margin-bottom: 0!important; vertical-align: top!important; }tfoot.wkm {font-family: "Frutiger", "Verdana", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; 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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis

CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING PROPHYLAXIS
The recommended approach for the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) varies by the emetic risk of the treatment regimen. Adherence to antiemetic guidelines has resulted in improved control of nausea and vomiting, and improved adherence to chemotherapy regimen. The ASCO guideline provides updated recommendations for the prevention and management of nausea and vomiting due to antineoplastic agents for cancer.
ANTIEMETIC REGIMENS
Emetic risk category1,2 Drug regimen
High emetic risk NK1 receptor antagonist + 5-HT3 receptor antagonist + dexamethasone + olanzapine
Moderate emetic risk3 5-HT3 receptor antagonist + dexamethasone
Low emetic risk 5-HT3 receptor antagonist OR dexamethasone
Minimal emetic risk No routine antiemetic prophylaxis
Breakthrough / Refractory Add to standard antiemetic regimen: olanzapine or drug of a different class or benzodiazepine or dopamine receptor antagonist or cannabinoids
ANTIEMETIC DOSING
Drug Day 14 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
HIGH RISK
NK1 receptor antagonist3
Aprepitant OR 125mg PO or 130mg IV 80mg PO (if oral aprepitant on Day 1) 80mg PO (if oral aprepitant on Day 1)  
FosaprepitantOR 150mg IV      
Rolapitant OR 180mg PO      
Fosnetupitant-palonosetron5 235mg/0.25mg IV      
Netupitant-palonosetron5 300mg/0.5mg PO      
5-HT3 receptor antagonist5
Granisetron OR 2mg PO OR 1mg or 0.01mg/kg IV OR 1 patch OR 10mg SC      
Ondansetron OR 24mg PO (tabs or soluble film) OR
8mg or 0.15mg/kg IV
     
Palonosetron OR 0.25mg IV      
Dolasetron 100mg PO      
Corticosteroid
Dexamethasone6 12mg PO or IV7 8mg PO or IV7,8,9 8mg PO or IV7,8,9 8mg PO or IV7,8,9
Atypical Antipsychotic
Olanzapine 10mg or 5mg PO 10mg or 5mg PO8 10mg or 5mg PO8 10mg or 5mg PO8
Moderate risk3
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Granisetron OR 2mg PO OR 1mg or 0.01mg/kg IV OR 1 patch OR 10mg SC      
Ondansetron OR 8mg PO twice daily OR 8mg soluble film twice daily OR 8mg or 0.15mg/kg IV      
Palonosetron OR 0.50mg PO OR 0.25mg IV      
Dolasetron 100mg PO      
Corticosteroid
Dexamethasone3 8mg PO or IV 8mg PO or IV10 8mg PO or IV10  
LOW RISK
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Granisetron OR 2mg PO OR 1mg or 0.01mg/kg IV OR 1 patch OR 10mg SC      
Ondansetron OR 8mg PO (tab or soluble film) OR 8mg IV      
Palonosetron OR 0.25mg IV      
Dolasetron 100mg PO      
Corticosteroid
Dexamethasone 8mg PO or IV      
NOTES

Key: 5HT3 = 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (serotonin); AUC = area under the curve; CINV = chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting; IV = intravenous; NK1 = neurokinin 1; PO = oral; SC = subcutaneous

1  For emetic risk category of chemotherapeutic agents, see “Emetogenic Potential of Antineoplastic Agent” chart.

2  Adults treated with antineoplastic combinations should receive the antiemetic regimen appropriate for the component antineoplastic agent of greatest emetic risk.

3  For adults treated with carboplatin AUC ≥4mg/mL (emetic risk is at the higher end of the moderate-emetic risk category), add NK1 receptor antagonist for a 3-drug regimen. Dexamethasone dosing is Day 1 only: 20mg with rolapitant, and 12mg with aprepitant, fosaprepitant, or netupitant-palonosetron.

4  Give antiemetic regimen on the day of chemotherapy (single-day) before the dose of the antineoplastic agent. For multi-day chemotherapy, first determine the emetic risk of the agent(s) included in the regimen. Patients should receive the agent of the highest therapeutic index daily during chemotherapy and for 2 days thereafter. Granisetron transdermal patch or granisetron ext-rel inj, which deliver therapy over multiple days rather than a daily 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, can be given.

5  If netupitant-palonosetron or fosnetupitant-palonosetron is used, no additional 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is needed.

6  Dexamethasone dosing is for patients receiving the recommended 4-drug regimen for high-emetic risk. If NK1 receptor antagonist was omitted, the dexamethasone dose should be adjusted to 20mg on Day 1 and 16mg on Days 2–4.

7  If rolapitant is used, give with dexamethasone 20mg PO or IV on Day 1, and 8mg PO or IV twice daily on Days 2–4.

8  For cisplatin and other high-emetic-risk single agents, dexamethasone and olanzapine should be continued on Days 2–4. For anthracycline + cyclophosphamide regimens, only continue olanzapine on Days 2–4.

9  If fosaprepitant is used, give with dexamethasone 8mg PO or IV on Day 2, and 8mg PO or IV twice daily on Days 3–4.

10 For moderate-emetic risk agents that are known to cause delayed nausea & vomiting (eg, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin), may continue dexamethasone on Days 2–3.

REFERENCES
Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, et al. Antiemetics: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(24):2782-2797. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.01296.

(Rev 5/2023)

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